Dialogia Iuridica

Promoting Policy Awareness on the Rights of Special Needs Persons for Inclusive Education in Nigeria

2025-02-28T09:01:10+00:00

In order to effectively promote inclusion, this essay analyzes the urgent need for policy knowledge of the rights of people with special needs in Nigeria. Even with the passage of laws such as the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities Act, systemic obstacles and general ignorance still make it difficult to put these laws into practice. The importance of policy knowledge is examined in the article, with particular attention paid to how it may empower people with disabilities, promote social justice and equity, increase policy implementation, and foster community integration. According to the report, key tactics for increasing awareness include government accountability, capacity building, stakeholder engagement, technology distribution, and grassroots community-based activities. Examples include training teachers in inclusive education, using local languages in campaigns, advocating on social media, and putting in place monitoring systems to make sure laws pertaining to disabilities are being followed. These tactics highlight the value of teamwork in closing the gap between practice and policy. The paper concludes by emphasizing the moral and developmental imperatives of promoting awareness of disability rights. It demands effective public education campaigns, cooperation with NGOs and commercial sector stakeholders, accessible communication, digital activism, and the inclusion of disability rights in school curricula. Lastly, it suggests accountability and monitoring systems to guarantee that the policy is followed. Policymakers, educators, campaigners, and stakeholders who are dedicated to building a more inclusive society should use this article as a guide since it offers practical insights and real-world examples.

Institutionalizing Non-Domination Principle in Anti-Corruption Reform of Indonesia’s Energy Governance

2025-11-07T07:07:28+00:00

Corruption in energy governance in Indonesia reveals an imbalance of power between bureaucratic actors, corporations, and the public, giving rise to a form of structural domination that is difficult to overcome through conventional administrative approaches. This study offers a theoretical contribution by applying the principle of non-domination in republicanism theory as an analytical framework to understand the roots of this domination and assess the weaknesses in institutional design that enable corrupt practices, particularly in oil procurement and imports. Through a normative juridical method combined with doctrinal analysis and a case study of corruption at Pertamina during the 2018–2023 period, this study finds that corruption not only causes fiscal losses but also reduces the state's capacity to regulate the supply chain, deepens dependence on private and foreign actors, and weakens economic sovereignty as intended by Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The results of the study identify three institutional mechanisms that can operationalize the principle of non-domination in energy governance, namely procedural openness, independence of supervision and management of state-owned enterprises, and public objection mechanisms to review energy policies. These findings emphasize that anti-corruption reform requires a reconstruction of power structures, not just increased administrative compliance. This research contributes to the literature by combining republicanism theory with energy law and anti-corruption studies, while also opening space for further research on the application of the non-domination framework in other energy sub-sectors and in the governance of strategic resources in developing countries.

The Hidden Cost of Creativity: How Poster Design Competitions Facilitate Economic and Moral Rights Appropriation in Indonesia

2025-11-06T07:13:34+00:00

Design competitions have become a prominent avenue for students and emerging designers in Indonesia to gain visibility, yet the copyright terms embedded in these contests often conceal significant legal and ethical risks. This study investigates whether poster design competitions genuinely empower creators or instead function as mechanisms for the systematic appropriation of economic and moral rights. Using an empirical legal research methodology with qualitative online ethnography, the study observes competition cycles across ministries, local governments, universities, and private institutions. Competition guidelines, terms and conditions, and post-competition publications were coded to identify patterns of copyright transfer, exclusivity obligations, and moral rights waivers, these findings were interpreted against Indonesia’s 2014 Copyright Law and broader socio-legal scholarship. The analysis reveals that many competitions require participants to automatically transfer full copyright ownership merely by submitting their work without a valid written agreement rendering such transfers legally defective. Moreover, several competitions implicitly or explicitly demand waivers of moral rights, which are inalienable under Indonesian law. These practices compromise fair attribution, limit portfolio development, and disadvantage young designers who rely on credited works for career advancement. Rather than fostering creativity, many competitions replicate power imbalances and extract value from creators without adequate recognition or compensation. By exposing how design competitions blur the line between opportunity and exploitation, this study invites deeper reflection on the governance of creative labor in Indonesia. The findings underscore the need for clearer contractual safeguards and regulatory oversight to ensure that competitions operate ethically, legally, and in genuine support of creative development.

Antara Hukum dan Geopolitik: Peran Amerika Serikat dan Independensi Mahkamah Internasional pada Sengketa Essequibo

2025-11-18T01:32:30+00:00

Sengketa teritorial Guyana–Venezuela atas Essequibo kembali mengemuka pasca penemuan cadangan minyak lepas pantai pada 2015 dan meningkatnya keterlibatan Amerika Serikat (AS) melalui dukungan diplomatik serta kerja sama militer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah batas hukum keterlibatan negara ketiga berdasarkan asas non-intervensi dan mekanisme intervensi dalam Mahkamah Internasional (International Court of Justice; ICJ), sekaligus menilai dampak dukungan AS terhadap persepsi imparsialitas dan independensi Mahkamah Internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui penelitian kepustakaan yang meliputi instrumen hukum primer, yurisprudensi relevan, serta literatur akademik dan dokumen resmi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun independensi Mahkamah Internasional tetap terjaga, namun keterlibatan AS dalam proses peradilan di Mahkamah Internasional berpotensi menimbulkan tekanan eksternal terhadap penyelesaian sengketa. Oleh karenanya, para pihak perlu mematuhi provisional measures, sedangkan negara ketiga perlu membatasi dukungan pada bentuk non-koersif.

Tantangan Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional melalui Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS): Studi terhadap Posisi Indonesia dalam Melindungi Kepentingan Umum

2025-11-14T16:08:28+00:00

Penelitian ini membahas tantangan struktural yang muncul dari mekanisme Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) dan dampaknya terhadap kemampuan negara, khususnya Indonesia, dalam melindungi kepentingan publik. Dalam praktiknya, ISDS sering menempatkan negara dalam posisi subordinat, di mana kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk menjaga hak masyarakat, lingkungan, dan kesehatan publik justru menjadi objek gugatan investor asing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis ketimpangan struktural dalam ISDS, menilai pengaruhnya terhadap kedaulatan regulatif Indonesia, serta mengeksplorasi strategi reformasi hukum investasi yang menyeimbangkan perlindungan investor dan kepentingan publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan analisis terhadap perjanjian investasi bilateral dan multilateral, putusan arbitrase, serta kebijakan nasional terkait investasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dominasi paradigma investor-centric dalam ISDS melemahkan kapasitas negara berkembang untuk merumuskan kebijakan publik progresif. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia perlu menata ulang instrumen hukum investasinya dengan menekankan pada aspek keadilan sosial, transparansi, dan keberlanjutan, tanpa mengurangi kepastian hukum bagi investor. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi kontribusi bagi perumusan kerangka hukum investasi yang adil, demokratis, dan berpihak pada pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Rationale for Indonesia-EFTA Regional Trade Agreement Formation Linked to GATT 1994's 'Substantially All Trade'

2025-11-04T04:27:34+00:00

The increasing number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) worldwide reflects the shift from multilateral to regional trade liberalization, posing challenges to the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework under Article XXIV of GATT 1994. Indonesia’s participation in the Indonesia–EFTA Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IE-CEPA) raises the question of whether the agreement satisfies the “substantially all trade” requirement and whether it is driven by economic or political rationale. This paper hypothesizes that Indonesia’s formation of the IE-CEPA was predominantly political rather than economic, aiming to strengthen diplomatic relations and strategic positioning in Europe rather than to expand market access. Using a normative legal method supported by trade data analysis. The findings reveal that while Indonesia and EFTA have formally satisfied the legal test of “substantially all trade,” the underlying rationale for Indonesia’s participation is predominantly political rather than economic. The agreement reflects Indonesia’s diplomatic ambition to strengthen its strategic relations with Europe, indicating that compliance with the “substantially all trade” clause serves more as a legal formality than an instrument of genuine trade liberalization.

Kenotariatan Reformasi Tata Kelola Majelis Pengawas Notaris untuk Mewujudkan Akuntabilitas Profesi Kenotariatan di Indonesia

2025-11-23T01:21:59+00:00

Notaris berperan penting dalam menjamin kepastian hukum melalui akta otentik, namun tata kelola Majelis Pengawas Notaris di Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala regulasi, kelembagaan, dan digitalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan reformasi tata kelola untuk memperkuat akuntabilitas profesi notaris. Penelitian mengunakan narrative review terhadap 25 artikel jurnal internasional yang dipilih melalui proses identifikasi, seleksi, dan analisis tematik. Artikel dikaji berdasarkan empat tema yaitu etika, regulasi, kelembagaan, dan teknologi digital. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa regulasi formal tidak cukup menjamin akuntabilitas tanpa dukungan etika profesi dan mekanisme kelembagaan yang kuat. Majelis Pengawas Notaris masih lemah dalam sumber daya dan penegakan sanksi. Sementara itu, digitalisasi melalui akta elektronik, promosi daring, dan blockchain menghadirkan peluang transparansi sekaligus risiko integritas. Kesimpulan, reformasi tata kelola Majelis Pengawas Notaris perlu menggunakan pendekatan hybrid yang mengintegrasikan etika, regulasi, kelembagaan, dan teknologi. Sebagai rekomendasi, penelitian ini mendorong peningkatan kapasitas SDM Majelis Pengawas Notaris, harmonisasi regulasi akta elektronik dan promosi daring, serta pengembangan mekanisme pengawasan yang lebih transparan dan independen, termasuk pemanfaatan teknologi yang relevan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur akuntabilitas profesi hukum sekaligus memberikan arahan praktis bagi penguatan pengawasan notaris di Indonesia.

Analysis Analisis Efektivitas Program Penyuluhan Hukum dalam Menekan Penyakit Masyarakat dan Kenakalan Remaja di Kota Bogor

2025-11-07T04:02:45+00:00

Kesadaran hukum merupakan faktor krusial dalam mencegah timbulnya penyakit masyarakat dan kenakalan remaja. Fenomena penyalahgunaan narkotika, pergaulan bebas, tawuran, serta berbagai bentuk perilaku menyimpang lainnya mencerminkan lemahnya pemahaman dan kepatuhan terhadap norma hukum di kalangan masyarakat, khususnya generasi muda. Rendahnya kesadaran hukum ini tidak hanya berdampak pada meningkatnya potensi pelanggaran hukum, tetapi juga mengancam ketertiban sosial dan stabilitas keamanan di lingkungan masyarakat. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada dua permasalahan utama, yaitu (1) faktor-faktor penyebab rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat, dan (2) model konseptual kesadaran hukum yang dapat diterapkan untuk mencegah perilaku menyimpang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang mempengaruhi rendahnya kesadaran hukum serta merumuskan model kesadaran hukum berbasis kolaborasi yang dapat diimplementasikan secara terpadu oleh pemerintah, aparat penegak hukum, lembaga pendidikan, tokoh masyarakat, dan keluarga. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis terhadap literatur, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya kesadaran hukum dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya tingkat pendidikan hukum masyarakat, lemahnya fungsi kontrol sosial keluarga, minimnya keterlibatan tokoh agama dan masyarakat dalam pembinaan moral, serta inkonsistensi penegakan hukum.Model konseptual kesadaran hukum yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini menekankan pendekatan partisipatif, kontekstual, dan berkelanjutan, dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak mulai dari keluarga, sekolah, komunitas, hingga media digital. Penegakan hukum yang tegas namun humanis juga menjadi pilar penting untuk menumbuhkan budaya hukum yang tidak hanya dipahami, tetapi juga dipraktikkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.