Vitiligo: Patogenesis, Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Terbaru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v5i1.3954Keywords:
autoimun, patogenesis, diagnosis, tatalaksana, vitiligoAbstract
Vitiligo merupakan kelainan pigmentasi kronis dengan prevalensi sekitar 1% populasi dunia. Vitiligo ditandai dengan lesi makula depigmentasi, tidak berskuama, berwarna putih seperti kapur, dan biasanya asimtomatik. Hipotesis terjadinya vitiligo pertama kali dilaporkan sekitar tahun 1950 berupa hipotesis genetik. Artikel ini bertujuan membahas mengenai patogenesis, diagnosis dan tatalaksana vitiligo terbaru. Artikel reviu ini ditulis berdasarkan sumber pustaka berupa buku teks kedokteran dan jurnal-jurnal yang dipublikasikan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Penelitian terbaru mengenai patogenesis vitiligo banyak diteliti, di antaranya adalah genetik, stres oksidatif, proses autoimun, gangguan adhesi melanosit, neurohumoral, autositotoksisitas, defisiensi vitamin D, hiperhomosisteinemia, dan teori konvergensi. Diagnosis vitiligo ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisik, serta pemeriksaan penunjang sesuai indikasi. Terapi vitiligo konvensional meliputi terapi farmakologi, fototerapi, dan pembedahan. Terapi vitiligo konvensional tidak berfokus pada patogenesis terjadinya vitiligo. Simpulan, Terapi vitiligo terbaru memiliki tiga prinsip, yaitu mengurangi stres pada melanosit, mengatur autoimunitas, dan stimulasi regenerasi melanosit sedang dilakukan. Terapi vitiligo terbaru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas terapi. Penelitian efektifitas terapi terbaru pada vitiligo perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut.Downloads
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