Journal of Medicine and Health

Comparative Histopathological Effects of Several Non-Selective NSAIDs on Gastric Mucosa in Wistar Rats

Syarinta Adenina, Patwa Amani, Kamalia Layal — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Non-selective NSAIDs are widely used for their anti-inflammatory effects. However, their use is limited by significant gastrointestinal side effects. Little is known about which NSAIDs cause more damage to the gastrointestinal. This study aims to compare the mucosal damage induced by various non-selective NSAIDs. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and administered different NSAIDs: mefenamic acid, diclofenac sodium, piroxicam, ibuprofen, aspirin, and a control group with distilled water. After five days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and their gastric tissues were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for signs of damage, including hemorrhagic injury, mucosal edema, epithelial cell loss, and inflammatory cell infiltration. All NSAID-treated groups exhibited significant gastric damage compared to the control group. Diclofenac sodium and piroxicam groups showed the most pronounced hemorrhagic injury, while piroxicam induced the most severe mucosal edema. Ibuprofen caused the highest level of inflammatory cell infiltration. Aspirin resulted in the least gastric histopathological damage score among the tested drugs. Among the tested NSAIDs, aspirin exhibited the least histopathological damage, suggesting a lower risk of gastric injury in this model

Efek Kombinasi Diazepam dan Minyak Esensial Biji Pala (Myristica fragrans) dalam Memperbaiki Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif Mencit Jantan

Yovita Mercya, Tiara Angela — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Penurunan kognitif dipengaruhi oleh tingkat asetilkolin di otak. Rendahnya tingkat asetilkolin dalam sistem saraf pusat mengurangi motivasi belajar dan memori. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menyelidiki efek kombinasi diazepam dan minyak esensial biji pala terhadap peningkatan penurunan kognitif pada mencit jantan menggunakan metode Morris Water Maze. Penelitian ini melibatkan 15 mencit (Mus musculus) jantan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok uji diazepam tunggal, dan kelompok uji kombinasi diazepam-minyak esensial biji pala. Data dikumpulkan mengenai waktu yang dibutuhkan mencit untuk menyelesaikan masalah setelah menerima informasi selama 5 hari tanpa intervensi (pre-test) dan 10 hari dengan intervensi (post-test) serta dianalisis secara statistik. Uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan nilai p=0,018 (p ≤0,05), yang mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan signifikan dalam waktu antar kelompok. Hasil uji post hoc menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan waktu yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dan kelompok kombinasi diazepam-minyak esensial biji pala. Artinya fungsi kognitif pada kelompok kombinasi diazepam-minyak esensial biji pala tidak berbeda dengan kelompok yang tidak menerima intervensi apa pun. Kesimpulan, pemberian diazepam tunggal memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan fungsi kognitif mencit dan penambahan minyak esensial biji pala (Myristica fragrans) mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap penurunan fungsi kognitif akibat diazepam secara signifikan pada mencit.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Sitikolin dan Pirasetam dalam Peningkatan Skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik di RSUD H. Boejasin Pelaihari

Siti N Halisa, Jihan Jihan, Hasan Ismail, Risya Mulyani, Rizka M Miranti — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Stroke iskemik merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kecacatan neurologis yang memerlukan intervensi farmakologis yang tepat. Sitikolin dan pirasetam merupakan agen neuroprotektif yang umum digunakan dalam praktik klinis, namun perbandingan efektivitas keduanya masih menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas kedua obat tersebut terhadap perbaikan fungsi neurologis pasien stroke iskemik, yang dinilai berdasarkan perubahan skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan potong lintang dan data retrospektif. Sebanyak 57 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang menerima sitikolin (n=29) dan kelompok yang menerima pirasetam (n=28). Kedua terapi diberikan secara terpisah dengan dosis sitikolin 500–1.000 mg/hari dan pirasetam 4,8–9,6 g/hari selama 7–14 hari perawatan. Analisis statistik menunjukkan peningkatan skor GCS yang signifikan setelah terapi, baik pada kelompok sitikolin (rerata skor 10,5 menjadi 12,8; p<0,001) maupun pada kelompok pirasetam (rerata skor 10,7 menjadi 12,6; p=0,027). Namun, uji Mann–Whitney tidak menunjukkan perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,821). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sitikolin dan pirasetam sama-sama efektif dalam meningkatkan fungsi neurologis pada pasien stroke iskemik, dan keduanya dapat digunakan secara setara berdasarkan pertimbangan klinis dan ketersediaan obat.

Karakteristik Pasien Kanker Payudara di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Tahun 2017 – 2021

Tania N Utami, Sinta C Maulanisa, Salamullah Salamullah, Effif S Tripriadi — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Kanker payudara menempati peringkat tertinggi kasus kanker di Provinsi Riau, sebanyak 17.395 kasus pada tahun 2021. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakteristik pasien kanker payudara di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru dan mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi pasien kanker payudara berdasarkan usia, status menopause, stadium kanker, histopatologi, grading dan imunohistokimia. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif yang menganalisis rekam medis penderita kanker payudara di poliklinik Bedah Onkologi RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Sejak Januari 2017-Desember 2021. Hasil penelitian didapatkan untuk usia pasien termuda saat didiagnosis kanker payudara berumur 19 tahun dan tertua berumur 85 tahun, dengan rerata usia adalah 47 tahun. Sebanyak 963 pasien berusia di atas 40 tahun, 38 % berusia antara 41-50 tahun. Dari total 1279 kasus, 784 pasien belum mengalami menopause. Untuk gambaran stadium penyakit, 618 pasien stadium lanjut lokal dan high grade (grade III) sebanyak 732 pasien. Gambaran histopatologi pasien didapatkan sebanyak 1187 pasien dengan Invasive carcinoma of No Special Type. Kesimpulan, karakteristik pasien kanker payudara di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru didapatkan paling banyak diderita oleh pasien berusia antara 41-50 tahun, belum menopause. 48,32%, 57,23% dengan tipe histopalogi high-grade, 92,81% dengan tipe histopatologi Invasive Carcinoma of No Special Type (NST) 42% termasuk kelompok Luminal B.

The Correlation of Body Composition with Random Blood Glucose in Young Adult Medical Students at Pelita Harapan University

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Body composition refers to the arrangement of fat, water, bone, muscle, skin, and other lean tissues that constitute the body. A shift in composition of the body, increased fat storage and reduced muscle mass lead to metabolic imbalance and elevate the likelihood of type 2 diabetes.
Although the previous studies have shown the alterations in body composition related to their age, the correlation of body composition to random blood glucose of young adults has not yet been explored clearly. Therefore, our goal is to establish the relationship between body fat, muscle mass, and random blood glucose levels in young adults. In this cross-sectional study, 296 medical students aged 19-24 years old were included and examined for their body composition with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and measured random blood glucose with a glucometer. Using Spearman's correlation (p<0.05), we found significant positive correlations for body fat (r=0.133, p=0.022) and fat-to-muscle ratio (r=0.131, p=0.024), whereas muscle mass exhibited an inverse relationship (r=-0.130, p=0.026). Based on gender, the correlation for body composition and random blood glucose were significant in males but not for females. Higher body fat and lower muscle mass are associated with elevated random blood glucose levels in young adults, particularly in males.

Risk Factors for Scabies Incidence Among Students at Islamic Boarding Schools in Mamuju Regency, Indonesia

Sukmawati Sukmawati, Haeranah Ahmad, Fahrul Islam, Fajar Akbar — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Scabies remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, with prevalence rates of 5.6-12.9%, ranking as the third most common skin disease. Poor personal hygiene and limited knowledge of prevention are key contributing factors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between room occupancy density and personal hygiene with the incidence of scabies among students at Mts Raudhatut Tholibin Tohri Islamic Boarding School located in Mamuju Subdistrict, Mamuju Regency, Indonesia. An analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design was conducted with 109 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via field observations and structured interviews, then analyzed using chi-square tests. Results showed significant associations between scabies and skin cleanliness (p=0.001), nail hygiene (p=0.001), clothing cleanliness (p=0.001), mattress hygiene (p=0.001), pillow cleanliness (p=0.001), bedsheet hygiene (p=0.001), and towel cleanliness (p=0.001). No significant association was found between scabies and prayer equipment cleanliness (p=0.328). All dormitories exceeded recommended occupancy standards. In conclusion, personal hygiene factors (particularly skin, clothing, and bedding cleanliness) significantly correlate with scabies incidence. In conclusion, reducing scabies prevalence in boarding schools requires targeted hygiene interventions, better room occupancy management, strengthened health education, and active collaboration with local health services to ensure long-term prevention.

Effects of Exercise Type on Testosterone Levels in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review

I GEJ Prasana, Anak AGAP Negara — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Testosterone is a hormone that plays an important role in stimulating muscle development and regulating fat metabolism.While exercise influences testosterone levels, females generally experience smaller increases in testosterone levels after exercise than males. This has led some female athletes to misuse testosterone, posing potential health risks and altering physiological functions. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of different exercise modalities on testosterone levels in female athletes, providing insights into optimal training approaches. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PEDro, with keywords including "Endurance Exercise," "Resistance Exercise," and "Testosterone Levels in Female Athletes”. Of the 45 studies screened, six met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that endurance exercises are associated with reduced testosterone levels, whereas resistance training, such as weightlifting and bench pressing, is linked to increased testosterone production. High-intensity resistance training may lower estrogen while elevating testosterone, enhancing muscle strength and lean body mass in female athletes. However, excessive testosterone levels may disrupt menstrual function, despite its beneficial effects on bone health. These findings suggest that resistance training can elevate testosterone levels in female athletes, whereas endurance training tends to decrease them.

Gastric Duplication Managed with Mucosectomy and Gastric Repair: A Rare Case Report

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This case report aims to present the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, surgical management, and outcome of a rare case of gastric duplication in an infant. Gastrointestinal duplication (GD) is a rare congenital anomaly accounting for 4–8% of all duplication cases, predominantly occurring in children. An 8-month-old female presented with a progressively enlarging abdominal mass, vomiting, and distension. Initial ultrasound months earlier showed a mass near the umbilicus, but the family pursued alternative treatments. Examination revealed a well-defined, rubbery cystic mass (8 × 5 cm). Sonography showed a septated cystic lesion, and a barium study demonstrated a filling defect. The patient underwent exploratory surgery with mucosectomy and gastric repair. Postoperatively, she received intravenous fluids, antibiotics, analgesics, and proton pump inhibitors. Despite transient vomiting and distension, by day seven, she gained weight and was discharged. Histopathology confirmed a benign gastric duplication cyst. At 11-day follow-up, she was thriving and feeding well. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention in GD to prevent complications and highlights favorable outcomes with timely management.

Benda Asing Peluru di Kanalis Akustikus Eskternus

Ketut TMN Pinatih, I GAM Danastri, I NEA Khrisna, Eka P Setiawan — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Kasus benda asing di telinga merupakan kasus yang cukup sering terjadi di bidang THTBKL. Benda asing luka tembak berupa peluru di telinga merupakan kasus yang sangat jarang terjadi. Diagnosis yang tepat akan menentukan teknik pengambilan benda asing, sehingga tidak memperparah kerusakan jaringan di sekitar. Tujuan dari penyusunan artikel ini adalah untuk melaporkan satu laporan kasus benda asing peluru di telinga dan ekstraksi yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan endoskopi. Pasien berusia 44 tahun secara tidak sengaja tertembak dengan senapan angin di telinga kiri. Terhadap pasien tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik, ronsen kepala, dan CT scan kepala untuk memastikan diagnosis. Kemudian dilakukan pengangkatan benda asing dengan anestesi umum menggunakan endoskopi. Simpulan laporan kasus ini, ekstraksi benda asing berhasil dilakukan dengan pendekatan endoskopi dan temuan sebuah peluru berukuran 1 x 0,8 x 0,8 cm tanpa terjadi komplikasi.

Electrocardiographic Changes after General Anaesthesia Induction in a Patient with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and Thyroid Heart Disease: A Case Report

Dewa NGD Sanjaya, Padma Permana, Agung BS Satyarsa, Dewa PW Wardhana — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and patients and are linked to worse outcomes. This case report documents the rapid normalization of severe ECG abnormalities following general anesthesia induction in a high-risk SAH patient with hyperthyroid heart disease. We report an 81-year-old woman with Fisher grade IV SAH and hyperthyroidism-associated cardiomyopathy who presented obtunded (GCS 7) with refractory atrial fibrillation at 116 bpm, diffuse T-wave inversions, and elevated troponin I. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, an External Ventricular Drain (EVD) was placed under general anesthesia using fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium. This resulted in the immediate restoration of sinus rhythm, resolution of repolarization changes, and stabilization of blood pressure. Despite comprehensive ICU management—including analgesia, sedation, osmotherapy, steroids, and diuretics—the patient’s condition deteriorated within 24 hours, developing refractory intracranial hypertension and leading to death. This case highlights the autonomic-modulating and antiarrhythmic properties of anaesthetic agents in SAH-related neurocardiogenic dysfunction and underscores the need for further research into optimal anaesthesia strategies and patient outcomes.