Faktor Koreksi terhadap Daya Dukung Selimut Tiang pada Pasir akibat Perlakuan Limbah Cair Tahu

Bagas Dwi Indrawan; Agata Iwan Candra

doi:10.28932/jts.v22i2.13374

Authors

Bagas Dwi Indrawan Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Universitas Kadiri, Kediri, 64112, Indonesia
Agata Iwan Candra Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Universitas Kadiri, Kediri, 64112, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28932/jts.v22i2.13374

Keywords:

Biocementation, Pile Bearing Capacity, Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation, Coefficient of Earth Pressure, Sand, Urease

Abstract

Loose sand has low density and nearly zero cohesion, resulting in limited pile foundation capacity under both axial and lateral loads. This study evaluates the effectiveness of tofu wastewater (LCT) as a natural urease source in the Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) method to improve shaft resistance (Qs) and lateral earth pressure coefficient (K). Poorly graded sand (SP) samples were treated with 28.17% LCT by dry weight, incubated for five days, and compared with untreated samples using regular water as a control. Axial load tests were conducted using 12 mm diameter steel piles model driven to a depth of 100 mm, following ASTM D1143. The value of Qu increased from 0.0257 kN to 0.1347 kN (424%), Qs increased from 0.01064 kN to 0.02885 kN (171%), and the lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) increased from 0.83 to 5.23 (530%). An empirical correction factor (Fc = 6.2988) was incorporated into the K formulation to improve prediction accuracy. One-way ANOVA confirmed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0211) between LCT and control treatments. The results demonstrate that LCT enhances soil–pile interaction through changes in the mechanical properties, cohesion of the surrounding soil, and offers a sustainable and economical solution for improving the geotechnical performance of loose sand.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ackah, F. S., Hailiang, W., Huaiping, F., Cheng, L., & Feng, L. Z. (2022). Use of Taguchi method to evaluate the unconfined compressive strength of quicklime stabilized silty clayey subgrade. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17(August), e01417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01417

Ahenkorah, I., Rahman, M. M., Karim, M. R., & Beecham, S. (2023). Characteristics of MICP and EICP-Treated sands in simple shear conditions: A benchmarking with the critical state of untreated sand. Geotechnique. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.22.00329

Ahenkorah, I., Rahman, M. M., Karim, M. R., & Beecham, S. (2024). Cyclic liquefaction resistance of MICP- and EICP-treated sand in simple shear conditions: a benchmarking with the critical state of untreated sand. Acta Geotechnica, 19(9), 5891–5913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-02222-7

Ahenkorah, I., Rahman, M. M., Karim, M. R., Beecham, S., & Candidate, P. D. (2022). Evaluation of the Treatment Processes for MICP-and EICP-Treated Sands. Geo-Congress. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784484012.038

ASTM International. (2020). ASTM D1143M - 20 Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Elements Under Static Axial Compressive Load. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1143_D1143M-20

Cao, Z., Shen, L., Zhao, J., Liu, L., Zhong, S., Sun, Y., & Yang, Y. (2016). Toward a better practice for estimating the CO2 emission factors of cement production: An experience from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 527–539.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.070

Gade, V. K., & Dasaka, S. M. (2017). Assessment of Air Pluviation Using Stationary and Movable Pluviators. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001798

G. G. Meyerhof. (1976). 2. 1976. meyerhof. Bearing Capacity and Settlement Pile Foundation. Ournal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 102 (GT3), 627–654. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1061/JPEGDN.0000000

Gitanjali, A., Jhuo, Y.-S., Yeh, F.-H., & Ge, L. (2024). Bio-cementation of sand using enzyme-induced calcite precipitation: Mechanical behavior and microstructural analysis. Construction and Building Materials, 417, 135360.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135360

Hamamoto, S., Ohko, Y., Ohtake, Y., Moldrup, P., & Nishimura, T. (2022). Water- and air-filled pore networks and transport parameters under drying and wetting processes. Vadose Zone Journal, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20205

Lai, H. J., Cui, M. J., Wu, S. F., Yang, Y., & Chu, J. (2023). Extraction of crude soybean urease using ethanol and its effect on soil cementation. Soils and Foundations, 63(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101300

Li, G., Hua, X., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., & Li, Y. (2024). Study on Dynamic Strength Characteristics of Sand Solidified by Enzyme-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (EICP). Materials, 17(20), 4976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17204976

Lin, H., Asce, M., O’donnell, S. T., Asce, A. M., Muhannad, Suleiman, T., Kavazanjian, E., & Brown, D. G. (n.d.). Effects of Enzyme and Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP and MICP) 44 Treatments on the Response of Axially Loaded Pervious Concrete Piles 45.

Li, Y., Zheng, R., & Deng, Y. (2024). Model Tests on Jacked Pile Penetration Characteristics Considering a Static Press-in Piling Machine. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051985

Meng, H., Shu, S., Gao, Y., Yan, B., & He, J. (2021). Multiple-phase enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) method for soil improvement. Engineering Geology, 294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106374

Meyerhof, G. G. (1963). Some Recent Research on the Bearing Capacity of Foundations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1139/t63-003

Miao, L., Wang, H., Sun, X., Wu, L., & Fan, G. (2024). Effect analysis of biomineralization for solidifying desert sands. Biogeotechnics, 2(1).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bgtech.2023.100065

Ni, P., Song, L., Mei, G., & Zhao, Y. (2018). On predicting displacement-dependent earth pressure for laterally loaded piles. Soils and Foundations, 58(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.11.007

Oberhollenzer, S., Baldermann, A., Marte, R., Tahir, D. M. M., Tschuchnigg, F., Dietzel, M., & Nachtnebel, M. (2022). Microstructure Development in Artificially Cemented, Fine-Grained Soils. Geosciences (Switzerland), 12(9).

https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090333

Pirghazani, A., Katebi, H., Samadi Kafil, H., & Fahmi, A. (2024). Sand Improvement by Surface Percolation Method Using Urease-Containing Substance Extracted from Soybean Seed. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4134212

Shu, S., Yan, B., Ge, B., Li, S., & Meng, H. (2022). Factors Affecting Soybean Crude Urease Extraction and Biocementation via Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) for Soil Improvement. Energies, 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155566

Tian, K., Yang, A., Nie, K., Zhang, H., Xu, J., & Wang, X. (2020). Experimental study of steady seepage in unsaturated loess soil. Acta Geotechnica, 15(9), 2681–2689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00948-2

Xiao, Y., Stuedlein, A. W., He, X., Han, F., Evans, T. M., Pan, Z., Lin, H., Chu, J., & van Paassen, L. (2021). Lateral Responses of a Model Pile in Biocemented Sand. International Journal of Geomechanics, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002179

Xie, X., Gong, T., Wang, Z., Liu, K., & Zheng, X. (2024). Analysis of the End-Bearing Capacity of Piles in Sand Under Limited Region Failure by a Mixed Zero-Extension Line Method. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 14(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219713

Xue, Y., Arulrajah, A., Chu, J., & Horpibulsuk, S. (2024). Soybean Urease-Based EICP Stabilization of Washed Recycled Sands Derived from Demolition Wastes Cured at Low Temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, 434.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136735

Xu, K., Huang, M., Zhen, J., Xu, C., & Cui, M. (2023). Field implementation of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation technology for reinforcing a bedding layer beneath an underground cable duct. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 15(4), 1011–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.06.012

Yao, Y., Hong, B., Xu, F., Shao, Z., & Huang, S. (2025). Application and Evaluation of Cone Penetration Testing for Determining Internal Friction Angle in Composite Subgrade Cushion Layer. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 55(5), 2992–3011.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-01098-y

Zhang, Q., Ye, W., Liu, Z., Wang, Q., & Chen, Y. (2023). Influence of injection methods on calcareous sand cementation by EICP technique. Construction and Building Materials, 363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129724