Jurnal Teknik Sipil

Cover & Editorial Page Volume 22 Issue 1 April 2026

2026-04-01T08:56:24+00:00

Enhancing Bamboo Tensile Strength through Bamboo Preservation Duration

2025-03-17T03:23:15+00:00

Bamboo is a potential alternative material to replace wood and steel, offering several advantages such as favorable physical and mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics, high moisture tolerance, elasticity, and a significantly shorter growth cycle compared to wood. However, bamboo also has notable disadvantages, including low natural durability and vulnerability to powder-post beetle attacks. To address these issues, preservation treatments are recommended prior to use, although the type and duration of treatment may influence the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo, thereby affecting its quality. This study aims to determine the optimal treatment duration to enhance the tensile strength of bamboo through a simple and environmentally friendly preservation method, namely immersion in either freshwater or saltwater for varying durations (1 × 24 hours, 3 × 24 hours, and 14 × 24 hours), followed by tensile strength testing. The results indicated that the highest tensile strength was obtained with a treatment duration of 3 × 24 hours, with treated specimens exhibiting an increase in tensile strength ranging from approximately 10% to 30% compared to untreated samples. Furthermore, bamboo treated with saltwater demonstrated higher tensile strength than that treated with freshwater, suggesting that both treatment duration and type of preservative significantly affect tensile performance. It can be concluded that inappropriate treatment durations—either too short or too long—may lead to suboptimal tensile strength in bamboo.

Analysis of Land Vulnerability of Way Mesuji Riverbanks with a Quantitative Descriptive Approach

2025-02-17T10:42:20+00:00

This study aims to analyze the vulnerability of riverbank land along the Way Mesuji River using a descriptive quantitative approach. Riverbank land vulnerability is a critical issue related to natural resource management and flood disaster mitigation. The study identifies vulnerability factors, including land use, physical land conditions, and flood risk. Data were collected through field surveys, remote sensing, and spatial analysis using GIS software. The findings indicate that the level of land vulnerability along the riverbanks varies, with some areas showing high vulnerability due to unsustainable human activities and fragile geological conditions. These results provide a valuable foundation for disaster risk mitigation planning and more sustainable environmental management in the Way Mesuji Riverbank area.

The Effect of Bridge Abutment Pile Cap Thickness on Load Distribution in Foundation Piles

2025-08-14T08:00:58+00:00

In determining the load received by each foundation pile, the pile cap is sometimes assumed to behave as a rigid element so that it can distribute the axial load uniformly. In reality, this rigid assumption is not always valid and must first be verified whether the pile cap behaves flexibly or rigidly based on the designed thickness. The following study aims to determine the effect of pile cap thickness on load distribution on foundation piles. The results of this study are based on the finite element method, which models the pile cap on the bridge abutment as a shell element and models the foundation pile as a spring. Pile caps measuring 5 m x 11.5 m with varying thicknesses of 0.9 m, 1.2 m, 1.5 m, 1.8 m, 2.1 m, and 2.4 m were studied for their behavior in distributing the load to the 24 foundation piles. Using SAP2000 software, the results of this study show that pile caps with smaller thicknesses behave more flexibly and produce non-uniform load distribution on the foundation piles. On the other hand, the thicker the pile cap, the more uniform the load distribution on the foundation pile. In this study, a pile cap thickness of 1.8 m can already distribute the load on the foundation piles uniformly. However, the use of a thin pile cap thickness of 0.9 m, which is considered to behave flexibly, can still be used as long as it meets the requirements of SNI 2847:2019, and the capacity of each pile to carry the non-uniform load has been reviewed.

Evapotranspirastion Analysis of Swamp Irrigation Area Rengas River Gandus District Palembang City

2025-08-14T07:17:08+00:00

In irrigation system operations, it is important to consider water requirements by conducting an evapotranspiration analysis. This research aims to analyze the level of evapotranspiration in the Rengas River swamp irrigation area, Gandus District, Palembang City, and to compare the evapotranspiration results using four empirical methods. For this purpose, climatological data such as temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and sunshine duration were collected. The analysis was carried out using various methods to estimate evapotranspiration values from 2019 to 2023: Blaney-Criddle method: considers temperature; Radiation method: considers temperature and solar radiation; Penman method: considers temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation; and Cropwat Software Version 8.0: considers temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Air temperature plays a key role in determining the level of potential evapotranspiration each year. Among the four empirical methods used, the Blaney-Criddle method produced an average of 4.954 mm/day, the Radiation method 4.697 mm/day, and the Penman method 4.817 mm/day. Cropwat provided a lower estimate, with an average of 3.851 mm/day, while the average actual evapotranspiration value was 3.850 mm/day. Based on the comparison, the Cropwat method is considered the most suitable because it closely matches the actual evapotranspiration value, takes all climatic factors into account, and is recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (2006).

Performance Evaluation of SRPMM in a 5-Story Steel Building Using Pushover Analysis with Variations in Deformation-Controlled and Force-Controlled Modeling

2025-08-18T09:43:08+00:00

This study utilizes pushover analysis to evaluate the performance of Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame System (IMRFS) used as the lateral force resisting system on the five stories building. Two structural models were analysed with differences on plastic hinge allocations and the controlling behaviour. On Model 1, plastic hinges were assigned to the designated beam and columns with deformation-controlled behaviour, while on Model 2, the plastic hinges on the columns were changed to force-controlled. Building modelling was in 3-dimension using ETABS v.20.0.0. Evaluations of the structural performance used two methods. Based on the structural performance evaluation using the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) and the Displacement Coefficient Method (DCM), the performance level of Model 1 is IO–LS in the X direction and > CP in the Y direction. Meanwhile, the performance level achieved by Model 2 is > CP in both the X and Y directions. In addition to the performance level evaluation, verification was also conducted on the values of the response modification factor (R), overstrength factor (Ω₀), and deflection amplification factor (C_d) obtained from the pushover analysis. The R values for both models are approximately 3, which is lower than the R value specified for SRPMM in SNI 1726:2019. The Ω₀ values for Models 1 and Model 2 are approximately 1.5 and 2.4, respectively. The C_d values for Models 1 and Model 2 range from 4.3 to 4.8 and from 5.5 to 5.8, respectively, for both the X and Y directions.

The Influence of Frame Reinforcement Detailing on Numerical Modeling of Confined Masonry Walls Under Monotonic Loading

2025-12-25T02:43:26+00:00

Confined masonry walls are commonly found in low-rise buildings in Indonesia, which are typically constructed without structural analysis. Even in structural analysis, the contribution of masonry walls to the strength and stiffness of the structure is often disregarded. This study focuses on the numerical modelling development of confined masonry walls due to the influence of the absence of frame reinforcement detailing under monotonic loading using an equivalent diagonal strut model. The modeling was carried out by comparing specimens with and without reinforcement detailing of the confining frame, which is commonly found in Indonesia. The results show that the numerical model can effectively simulate the response of confined masonry walls. However, a significant error difference between the two tested specimens indicates the limitations of the model in capturing the beam-column joint failure phenomenon before the masonry wall failure in specimens without confining frame detailing.

Study on the Rate of Volume Change and Consolidation Based on Terzaghi's Theory of Very Soft and Ultra Soft Soil Using Oedometer and CPTu Tests

2025-10-06T09:03:56+00:00

Very soft and ultra soft soils are types of soil with high water content, very soft consistency, and low bearing capacity, making them susceptible to deformation and subsidence due to loading. This study aims to determine the correlation between volume change parameters and consolidation in very soft and ultra-soft soils based on laboratory testing (oedometer test) and in-situ testing (Cone Penetration Test with Pore Pressure Measurement/CPTu). The parameters studied include the consolidation coefficient (C_v), compression index (C_c), volume change coefficient (m_v), and parameter α as the correlation between the m_v value from the oedometer test and the corrected cone resistance (q_t) value from CPTu. The results show that the C_v value varies with each increase in effective stress. Additionally, the consistency of the α correlation values indicates that CPTu can be used to quickly and efficiently estimate volume change coefficient (m_v) values in the field. Therefore, CPTu can serve as an alternative for predicting the behavior of very soft and ultra-soft soil conditions in situ in a more representative manner.

Slope Stability Analysis Using Slope/W In The Cement Pongkor Warehouse Area

2026-01-24T03:59:28+00:00

This study was conducted to analyze the slope stability around the Semen Pongkor Warehouse area in Bogor Regency. Initial inspections revealed significant structural deformation in the warehouse building, indicating potential slope instability. Geotechnical investigations were carried out through core drilling up to a maximum depth of 30 meters, Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and laboratory testing of undisturbed soil samples. The data obtained from these investigations were used to evaluate the slope’s factor of safety (FoS) through modeling with GeoStudio SLOPE/W software. The results showed that the existing condition had a Factor of Safety (FoS) of 1.23 (FoS < 1.5). Therefore, a new model was developed with the addition of soldier piles (60 cm diameter, 35 m length) and soil nailing (20 cm diameter, 35 m length). After implementing these reinforcement measures, the FoS increased to 1.503, which fell within the safe range (FoS ≥ 1.5). These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and maintenance by installing instruments such as inclinometers and piezometers to monitor slope deformation and prevent potential landslides.

Analytical and Experimental Study of Bolt Spacing Effect on Slip-Critical Connections in Steel Structures

2026-01-30T10:51:44+00:00

Bolt steel connections using slip-critical type rely on the clamping strength of the connected surfaces due to the pre-tensioning of high-strength bolts (HSB) used, making them more complicated to apply and more expensive than bearing-type connections with bolt tightening to snug-tight conditions. However, SNI 1729:2020 and SNI 7972:2020 require that pre-tensioned bolt connections must be used at the end connections of double components and if working under vibration/dynamic loads. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analytical and experimental study of the effect of bolt spacing which means the effect of the distance of the clamping point on the shear strength of the critical slip bolt connection. The analytical study was carried out following the regulations, namely SNI 1729: 2020. Experimental studies in the laboratory used HSB A325 M-12 with 3 (three) test specimen models, each 3 (three) specimens distinguished by bolt spacing. The results of the nominal shear strength test of the critical slip connection were 73 kN for test specimen 1 (40 mm spacing) and 60 kN for test specimen 2 (70 mm spacing) and test specimen 3 (96 mm spacing). There was a change/decrease in the strength of the connection with increasing bolt spacing which means increasing the clamping distance but overall, it still met the results of the calculation of the critical-slip connection nominal strength according to provisions, which was 35.94 kN.

Numerical Analysis of Lateral- Torsional Buckling in Tapered Web I-Steel Beams

2026-02-22T10:46:40+00:00

The phenomenon of lateral–torsional buckling (LTB) in nonprismatic web-tapered steel beams is not yet explicitly covered in SNI 1729:2020, which was developed based on prismatic sections. This regulatory gap creates uncertainties in determining the capacity of beams with varying cross-sections. This study investigates the LTB behavior of web-tapered beams through nonlinear finite element analysis, accounting for geometric imperfections and residual stresses. A parametric analysis was conducted by varying the taper ratio, unbraced length, and load application points (at the shear center and top flange) for both uniformly distributed and concentrated loads. The results indicate that the combined effects of geometric imperfections and residual stresses reduce the critical moment by approximately 23% on average relative to the critical moment formulation. Furthermore, increasing taper ratio, unbraced length, and the destabilizing load configurations further decrease the critical moment capacity. Based on calibration against the numerical dataset, a set of geometric and loading correction factors is proposed to modify the critical moment formulation in SNI 1729:2020. The proposed model demonstrates good agreement with the numerical results, with an average prediction error of 3.99%, a maximum deviation of 13.96%, and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.92. The resulting equation provides a practical and rational design-oriented approach for secondary steel beam applications without requiring full nonlinear finite element analysis.

Enhancing the Service Quality of Pemalang Batang Toll Road

2025-05-09T07:59:21+00:00

Road infrastructure plays a vital role in supporting mobility and economic growth. The Pemalang Batang Toll Road, stretching 39.2 km, is part of the Trans Java network, serving as an alternative to the northern coastal (Pantura) route and driving regional economic development. While designed to provide fast and safe access, the toll road faces challenges such as poor road conditions and inadequate nighttime lighting. Despite efforts to meet the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) set by the government, existing conditions still cause user dissatisfaction, as reflected in the high number of accidents in 2022. This study aims to enhance the service quality of the Pemalang Batang Toll Road in accordance with SPM. The research employs a quantitative method, using primary data from questionnaires based on modified service quality (servqual) dimensions and secondary data from literature and regulations. Data analysis was conducted using importance performance analysis (IPA) with SPSS and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with expert choice. This study integrates the IPA and AHP methods to assess and prioritize toll road service quality improvements based on the users perspective. The findings show that the toll road’s services are not yet optimal, with seven service attributes placed in quadrant I (priority for improvement). Road surface condition was identified as the top priority for improvement, with a weight value of 42%.

A Critical Review of SNI 1727:2020 Wind Load: An Analysis of Reference Validity and Over-Design Implications from Local Meteorological Data.

2025-12-03T14:13:56+00:00

The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 1727:2020 adopts a single, highly conservative basic wind speed reference, which may lead to inefficiencies in structural design. This study aims to quantify the discrepancy between the SNI reference and actual local meteorological data and to evaluate its impact on the global structural response. A quantitative comparative approach was applied by analyzing historical wind speed data from 2005 to 2024 obtained from two meteorological stations, namely Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Jakarta (WIII) and Sultan Hasanuddin Airport in Makassar (WAAA). The annual maximum wind speeds were analyzed using the Gumbel Extreme Value Distribution to estimate design wind speeds corresponding to a 700-year mean recurrence interval, and these were compared with the implicit SNI reference through a 15-story reinforced-concrete office building case study. The results revealed that the data-driven design wind speed was 42.2% lower in Jakarta and 18.5% lower in Makassar, leading to increases of more than 100% in base shear and overturning moment when the SNI reference was applied. These findings indicate that the current SNI approach is overly conservative. Therefore, developing a national wind map based on comprehensive, factual meteorological data is strongly recommended to achieve an optimal balance among safety, design efficiency, and sustainability.