Jurnal Teknik Sipil

Cover & Editorial Page Volume 22 Issue 2 Oktober 2026

Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Maranatha — 2026-10-10

Assessment of Drought Index in Lampung Province in 2023 Using the Thornthwaite-Mather Water Balance Method

Muhammad Hakiem Sedo Putra — 2026-10-10

Drought is one of the primary threats to water resource management, especially in tropical regions such as Lampung Province. This study aims to analyze the drought index in Lampung using the Thornthwaite-Mather method. The method evaluates water deficit by considering rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and soil water capacity in the region. A 10-year dataset of climatic variables, including temperature, rainfall, and soil moisture, serves as the basis for the analysis. The results reveal significant variations in drought levels across Lampung, influenced by the spatial distribution of rainfall and land use. Central and eastern Lampung exhibit higher drought severity compared to the western and southern regions, particularly during the dry season. The drought index indicates that some areas have reached extreme drought levels, adversely affecting agricultural productivity and water availability for domestic use. This study provides essential insights into drought risk in Lampung, serving as a foundation for policymaking in water resource management and disaster mitigation. Recommendations include developing water storage infrastructure, enhancing community adaptation capacity, and optimizing the use of the Thornthwaite-Mather method in regional planning. These findings are expected to support sustainable water resource management in Lampung Province.

Analysis of Sea Level Rise on Tidal Flood in Mayangan Village, Subang Regency, West Java

Gracia Artha Buating — 2026-10-10

Coastal flooding (often referred to as banjir rob), which is inundation occurring in coastal areas due to a combination of storm surges and extreme high tides, causes significant damage in affected regions. Pondok Bali in Mayangan Village, Legonkulon District, Subang Regency, West Java, is one of the most severely impacted areas. This study aims to analyze the influence of various sea level rise components (wind/storm surge, waves, tides, and global warming) on coastal flooding events, and to evaluate their impact on infrastructure and affected areas. A quantitative method was used to systematically calculate and analyze the key factors contributing to sea level rise, including wind-driven water push, wave-induced increase, and tidal variations. Long-term sea level rise estimation due to global warming was also performed to determine the design sea level elevation. The results indicate that the increase in sea level, particularly tidal variations, is the greatest potential cause of coastal flooding in Pondok Bali. The maximum inundation height recorded was 18.51 cm in January 2023. The impact of the flooding is clearly visible, submerging residential areas and even forcing residents to evacuate. This research confirms the potential for coastal flooding and provides an important basis for risk evaluation and the development of effective mitigation strategies.

Analysis of Water Scarcity Using the Water Stress Index in Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara.

Agustinus Haryanto Pattiraja — 2026-10-10

Due to scarce water supplies and dispersed settlement, Sabu Island in Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, is a semi-arid area that has substantial issues in managing clean water. The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of water stress in five subdistricts of Sabu Island using a spatial-temporal Water Stress Index (WSI) technique. Water demand was determined using population data, piped service coverage, and livestock population, whereas water availability was investigated using the FJ Mock method in conjunction with actual spring discharge observations. The geometric technique for population growth was employed in the 2033 projections, which assumed relatively constant water availability. According to the analysis results for 2023, Hawu Mehara is safe, but Sabu Tengah and Sabu Liae sub-districts have WSI values > 1, indicating a persistent water shortage. Due to an increase in population and stagnating water supplies, it is anticipated that water stress will worsen throughout the region by 2033, with Sabu Tengah sub-district still experiencing the worst situation. The significance of area-based water management systems that take into account settlement distribution, climate, and geographic factors is highlighted by this study. The WSI model developed in this study provides a scientific basis for adaptive and sustainable water resource management policymaking.

Effectiveness of Concrete Embankments for Flood Control on the Krukut River

Riski Nobriandiro — 2026-10-10

This study examines the behavior of the Krukut River, which at high discharges causes accumulation, particularly in the Kemang area, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The Krukut River is one of the rivers flowing into Jakarta from the Bogor and Depok watersheds, which are watersheds with the potential to cause flooding. This study was conducted in a densely populated area. Furthermore, the Kemang area is located on the banks of the Krukut River, which is known to flood during heavy rainfall. The issues discussed are controlling the magnitude of river discharge and accumulation that occurs when the Krukut River overflows, necessitating the construction of a flood control embankment using precast concrete. Calculating the magnitude of the Krukut River flood discharge is expected to better control inundation in the Kemang area.

Analysis of Construction Material Shipment Using Trucking and Joint Shipment Multiple Project Methods on Cost and Time

Ganang Rizky Aditya — 2026-10-10

Construction work outside Java Island has a high level of complexity. The long distance from urban areas, combined with access that is still difficult to reach, is one of the factors that make construction work challenging, which can affect the time and cost of the construction project. The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify alternative solutions for transporting construction materials with a specific volume. The method used is the Google Collaboratory application to determine the time required, while the costs are analyzed by calculating the transportation costs with various types of transportation. Analysis of the cost of Joint Shipment Multiple Project using Barges costs Rp. 2,450,000,000 in 1 trip. Trucking with several types of vehicles: trailer 40FT 103 trips with cost of Rp. 6,879,000,000, tronton 110 trips with cost of Rp. 4,768,500,000, fuso long 205 trips with cost of Rp. 6,998,000,000, standard fuso 308 trips with cost of Rp. 10,230,125,000, 20FT container 155 trips for Rp. 3,600,875,000, 21FT container 155 trips for Rp. 3,972,125,000, and 40FT/HC container 123 trips at cost of Rp. 4,525,800,000. Analysis of time using the Google Collaboratory application, namely the trucking method, has the fastest average of 7.30 days - 7.90 days, while the barge has an average duration of 19.5 days in 1 trip. The conclusion through data analysis from this study produced a more efficient and effective transportation method for costs and time is the Joint Shipment Multiple Project Method using barges, with an efficiency of 60.37% - 90.48% than the trucking method and only requires one trip.

Structural Damage Detection Using the Modal Assurance Criterion – Differential Evolution (MAC-DE) Method

Rivaldo Siahaya — 2026-10-10

In the field of civil engineering, structural damage detection has become an important concern due to increasing demands for safety and cost-efficient maintenance. In general, the process of structural damage identification is divided into four levels: (1) detecting the presence of damage, (2) determining the affected components or elements, (3) estimating the location and the reduction in stiffness or strength of the damaged elements, and (4) predicting the remaining service life of those elements.This study aims to develop and evaluate a structural damage detection method at the third level by combining the Modal Assurance Criterion and the Differential Evolution algorithm (MAC-DE), enabling accurate identification of both the location and the magnitude of stiffness reduction in damaged structural elements. Prior to the implementation of MAC-DE, the Damage Location Vector approach (VBPLK) is first employed to identify areas potentially experiencing degradation. Two two-dimensional portal frame models are tested under various damage scenarios to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. Based on numerical simulation results, the MAC-DE approach is proven to accurately identify both the position and the degree of strength and stiffness reduction in damaged structural elements.

Correction Factor of Shaft Pile Bearing Capacity in Loose Sand Treated Using Tofu Wastewater

Bagas Dwi Indrawan — 2026-10-10

Loose sand has low density and nearly zero cohesion, resulting in limited pile foundation capacity under both axial and lateral loads. This study evaluates the effectiveness of tofu wastewater (LCT) as a natural urease source in the Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) method to improve shaft resistance (Qs) and lateral earth pressure coefficient (K). Poorly graded sand (SP) samples were treated with 28.17% LCT by dry weight, incubated for five days, and compared with untreated samples using regular water as a control. Axial load tests were conducted using 12 mm diameter steel piles model driven to a depth of 100 mm, following ASTM D1143. The value of Qu increased from 0.0257 kN to 0.1347 kN (424%), Qs increased from 0.01064 kN to 0.02885 kN (171%), and the lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) increased from 0.83 to 5.23 (530%). An empirical correction factor (Fc = 6.2988) was incorporated into the K formulation to improve prediction accuracy. One-way ANOVA confirmed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0211) between LCT and control treatments. The results demonstrate that LCT enhances soil–pile interaction through changes in the mechanical properties, cohesion of the surrounding soil, and offers a sustainable and economical solution for improving the geotechnical performance of loose sand.

Priority Assessment of Secondary Arterial Road Repair in Kediri City Using AHP and COPRAS-G Method

Willy Husada — 2026-10-10

Road infrastructure plays a strategic role in supporting socio-economic development and regional mobility. The sustainability of road performance depends on effective and continuous repair and maintenance. However, budget limitations often prevent all road sections from being repaired simultaneously. To overcome this challenge, a systematic approach is required to determine road repair priorities using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. This study applies the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Complex Proportional Assessment of Alternatives with Grey Relations (COPRAS-G) to determine the weights of criteria and sub-criteria based on expert judgment and to rank road sections for repair. The case study focuses on six secondary arterial roads in Kediri City, using expert judgment data from staff of the Bina Marga Division, Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (PUPR) of Kediri City. The results indicate that road condition, traffic volume, and economic factors are the dominant criteria in determining road repair priorities, with the main sub-criteria including road repair benefits, truck traffic volume, potholes, road undulations, and maintenance costs. The ranking results show that Imam Bonjol Street and MT Haryono Street are the highest-priority roads for repair, followed by Brigjen Katamso Street, Mayor Bismo Street, Diponegoro Street, and Hasanudin Street.

Risk-Based Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Financing: A Case Study of Small-Scale Construction in Bandung City

Deni Setiawan — 2026-10-10

The financing of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is frequently neglected in Indonesian small-scale construction, despite evidence that project scale does not mitigate accident risks. This study aims to identify work-related risks using Job Safety Analysis (JSA), evaluate current OSH implementation by contractor "X" in Bandung, and determine the necessary budget allocation based on risk levels. Utilizing a descriptive-quantitative approach, the research benchmarks field practices against Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 10/2021 regarding the Construction Safety Management System. Findings reveal that while basic measures exist, critical gaps remain in Collective Protective Equipment, specifically safety signage and fall protection. Quantitative analysis shows current OSH expenditure accounts for only 0.64% of the total project value, falling significantly below the mandated 1.0%–2.5% range. The study identifies a "Safety Gap" in high-risk phases (Risk Score = 12), where the Cost-to-Risk Ratio is zero. It concludes that an additional budget of IDR 4,480,000.00 is required to achieve a safe OSH proportion of 1.53%. By aligning OSH costs with actual risk profiles through JSA-based budgeting, small-scale contractors can fulfill regulatory requirements and enhance worker safety without compromising project viability.

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction Combined with Special Concentric Braced Frame Steel Structure

Aldian Nurdiansyah — 2026-10-10

Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) is one of the off-site construction that supports fast provision of housing programme in Indonesia. PPVC utilization endorses the two of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are focusing on infrastructure innovation and sustainable housing. Nonetheless, constructing PPVC in Indonesia has a limitiation due to very vulnerable site condition to earthquake occurance. This research aims to acknowledge the behavior of PPVC combined with Special Concentric Braced Frame (SCBF) as lateral resistance system with high level seismic load using nonlinear method evaluation, which are plastification pattern of plastic hinge until seismic performance level of structure. Nonlinear time history analysis refers to ASCE 41-17, NIST GCR 15-917-34, and FEMA P58-1. The module connection of PPVC structure is being detailed with spring constant approach to get best representive behavior, relatively close to the real situation. Performance level of PPVC combined with SCBF gives a reasonable condition for four storey small apartment, which is Immediate Occupancy (IO) for global and local evaluation result. SCBF helps the structure to resist lateral load from earthquake, thus, the load acting on PPVC module connection is not that in high number. Four storey apartment with PPVC is feasible enough to be built with available section (common) in Indonesia and strong enough to resist high level seismicity in Jakarta.

Analysis of the Challenges in Implementing Construction Hazard Prevention through Design in Indonesia

Hanna Qurratu A Yunin — 2026-10-10

Construction hazard prevention can begin at the planning stage. In Indonesia, work hazard prevention has been implemented during the implementation stage, but with a low level of compliance. This study purpose to identify the challenges and examples of implementation of construction hazard prevention through design from other countries that are expected to be adapted in Indonesia. Using primary data from 37 respondents of design consultants in Bandung City with project manager and director positions. After analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, five main challenges were identified and five implementations that are most expected to be adapted. Five challenges of construction hazard prevention through design: adequate design duration and funding, adequate revision duration, the absence of regulations governing the relationship and limitations of planning consultants with other parties, special criteria as a planning consultant, if a lawsuit or claim occurs it can threaten the company's organization.

Analysis of Fire Risk Level in Demak District Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method

Syifa' Aulia Ratna Dewi — 2026-10-10

Demak District in Demak Regency is a city central area that has a high number of fire incidents compared to other districts. Many causes of fires occur due to electrical short circuits, gas leaks, and illegal waste burning. It is necessary to create a map of the fire risk level of Demak District as one of the efforts to overcome fire disasters. There are three parameters in the process of determining the level of fire risk, namely hazard, vulnerability and capacity. Data processing is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the weight of each variable and utilizes ArcGIS software to create the map by using Overlay tools. Based on the analysis, the variable with the highest weight of each parameter namely the variable of open fire use from the hazard parameter with a weight of 63.33%, building density from the vulnerability with a weight of 49.09%, and fire training and outreach from the capacity with a weight of 61.94%. From the results of data processing on hazard, vulnerability, and capacity parameters, the fire risk level in Demak District shows that there is 1 high-risk area, namely Mulyorejo Village, 8 moderate-risk villages/sub-districts, and 10 other villages with low risk. Therefore, Demak District needs the design or improvement of regional and urban spatial planning systems, as well as the need for the addition of hydrant points or water sources is very important for fire prevention and handling.

Geotechnical Forensics Building Damage in Semarang

Adrian Rahardjo — 2026-10-10

This study investigates the cause of damage to a newly completed workshop building within a polytechnic campus project in Semarang, located close to ongoing pile driving for new buildings. The workshop is supported by 25 cm × 25 cm mini piles, 12 m long. A geotechnical forensic investigation was carried out using geotechnical boring, CPTu, and monitoring with an inclinometer, an extensometer, and a vibrating wire piezometer. The CPTu interpretation, based on the B_q and B_q* parameters, identified a 12–26 m deep soft soil zone that is still under consolidated (B_q > 0.68; OCR = 0.709), with an average degree of consolidation of 75–82%. The piezometer recorded an excess pore water pressure of 167 kPa, the extensometer recorded 13 mm of vertical settlement over three months, and the inclinometer showed no significant lateral movement. Calculations yielded a consolidation settlement of 0.73 m and a negative skin friction of 0.749 kN. The damage is attributed to settlement of still-consolidating soft soil, with the 12 m pile tips hanging in this layer, rather than to lateral displacement or vibration from pile driving.