Jurnal Teknik Sipil

Cover & Editorial Page Volume 21 Issue 1 April 2025

Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Maranatha — 2025-04-10

Deciphering the Dynamics of Bus Rapid Transit Delays: A Decision Trees and Bayesian Networks Approach for Istanbul's Metrobus System

Ahmet Karakurt — 2025-04-10

Public transportation systems are vital components of urban infrastructure, shaping mobility and development. The emergence of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems offers a promising solution to challenges faced by traditional bus services. However, delays within BRT systems can compromise their efficiency and reliability. The goal of this study is to investigate and analyze the critical factors influencing delays in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems, specifically focusing on the Istanbul Metrobus, in order to provide actionable insights for optimizing operations and enhancing service reliability in BRT operations. Decision Trees identify critical parameters affecting delays, while Bayesian Networks elucidate causal dependencies among variables. The proposed Bayesian Precedence Network integrates these methodologies. This study employed a range of diverse data sources analyzed through advanced software tools like GeNIe Modeler. The results underscore the effectiveness of decision analysis in quantifying uncertainties and assessing critical factors that inform transit planning and optimization. The findings reveal that a passenger occupancy rate of 43% results in a 76% probability of no delays, while high traffic flow decreases this probability to 55%. Conversely, clear weather conditions enhance this probability to 80%, whereas rainy conditions and non-optimized operational efficiency heighten the risk of delays. Overall, this study provides a blueprint for addressing public transportation challenges, empowering transportation planners and policymakers to create more efficient and reliable transit networks.

Coeficient Analysis of The Discharge Measuring Building Irigation District of Kalibawang

Silvia Yulita Ratih — 2025-04-10

. Based on the field observation at discharge measuring buildings, sometimes there are differences in the results of the distribution of discharge on land that is irrigated with the discharge channeled by officers. From this phenomenon, it is necessary to check whether there are any irregularities in the discharge measuring building. This research aims to calibrate the discharge measuring building in Kalibawang primary canal. The existing type of measuring building is a wide threshold measuring building. The principle of discharge measurement is to measure flow velocity, wet cross-sectional area, and depth. The measurement of the flow velocity in the channel using a calibrated current meter at various variations in door opening height. The current meter was chosen because it has good accuracy for measuring flow velocity. The data from this research was collected by dividing the channel width into several piece at various water depths, wet cross-sectional widths, and flow speeds. From the analysis results, there are differences between the theoretical discharge and the measured discharge. For example, the discharge formula coefficient for the first location is 1.67 b.h1.5, the formula correction is 1.78 b.h1.5. The positive or negative deviations from the comparison results between theoretical discharge and measurement discharge are caused by differences in the results of measurements on the current meter. The cause of this difference is damage to the body of the measuring building, such as cavities or holes and sedimentation

Quality Control Analysis of Bored Pile Foundation Based on PDA Test and PIT Test

Dendi Yogaswara — 2025-04-10

The bored pile foundation is an important structural element, which requires proper quality control, as it is constructed by casting on-site, so it is strongly influenced by soil conditions and the method of implementation. This research focuses on quality control in bored pile construction. The calculations using N-SPT data from Reese and Wright (1977) show that bored piles can hold 563.76 tonnes of weight at point BP103; 494.94 tonnes at point BP17; and 466.98 tonnes at point BH94. Using the Reese & O'Neil (1989) approach, the axial bearing capacity was 697.50 tonnes for point BH103; 738.53 tonnes for point BP17; and 497.34 tonnes for point BP94. This study also calculated the lateral resistance value using the Broms method, with a value of 56.58 tonnes depending on the stiffness of the pile. We also calculated the deformation analysis of the pile under load using the Vesic method, yielding a value of 0.020 m for a single bored pile, with a permissible settlement of 0.1 m. We used the dry drilling method to carry out the bored pile foundation work. Based on the PDA field test, the bearing capacity values for the piles are 863 tonnes, 880 tonnes, and 925 tonnes. The PDA test results indicate that the integrity of the bored piles in the field remains intact, indicating that the construction site's implementation aligns with the prepared plan.

Sustainable Construction Practice in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Risma Nur Indah — 2025-04-10

The construction industry in Indonesia is currently growing rapidly in line with economic expansion and infrastructure acceleration. Sustainable construction is a principle implemented to minimize the adverse effects of construction activities. In order to support sustainable construction in Indonesia, up-to-date knowledge regarding its comprehensive implementation is essential. This research is conducted to understand the current status, obstacles, opportunities, and strategies in sustainable construction practices in Indonesia based on the literatures available. The first stage of this research involves identifying publications related to sustainable construction in Indonesia. Subsequently, bibliographic analysis and content analysis are conducted to address the research questions The results of the discussion show that sustainable construction practices recorded by research are still limited.. The main obstacles to the adoption of sustainable construction are the lack of expertise in this field and significant costs. The main strategies that can be employed include government commitment, both through providing incentives to address high investment costs and through the creation of specific and targeted regulations. Another factor that can promote the implementation of sustainable construction in Indonesia is stakeholder management, training, and education for the construction practitioners.

Mapping of Noise Levels from Transportation Activities on Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Pekanbaru City

Aryo Sasmita — 2025-04-10

High vehicle volume will produce noise that causes health problems, lack of rest and sleep, lack of thinking ability, and communication disorders. The purpose of this study was to obtain noise level patterns on the main road of Pekanbaru City, namely Jalan Jenderal Sudirman. A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the time of the study. The Sound Level Meter (SLM Lutron LM-8102) was used to conduct this study and the noise mapping method for two days, on Monday, which shows peak hours, and Saturday shows off hours of vehicles. Data were collected from 180 points for noise measurement. Other data collected were air humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. According to the results of the study, the highest noise level was 97.9 dB which is a point with high traffic volume, and the lowest noise level was 68.4 dB which has low traffic volume.

Effect of Fly Ash Percentage on Compaction Parameters of a Fill Material

Hegi Priel Situngkir — 2025-04-10

Mining road construction is heavy equipment infrastructure for transportation that carries mining products to facilitate activities. Mining road construction requires high costs, with this research it is hoped that it can utilize by utilizing leftover materials or non-B3 waste around the mining area, it can save costs for mining road construction. This research aims to understand and assess the effect of fly ash presentation originating from coal burning residue from the mining area in Tanjung Selor, North Kalimantan, on the compaction parameters of a fill material that will be used as mining road material. These compaction parameters include maximum dry density, g_{dry max} and optimum moisture content, w_opt. The composition of the mixture between fly ash (FA) and fill material (FM-I) includes: FA(50%)+FM-I(50%) and FA(70%)+FM-I(30%).The research results show that increasing the fly ash presentation from 50% to 70% in a mixture of fly ash and fill material will increase the optimum moisture content from 12.9% to 21.9% and will reduce the maximum dry density from 1.44 t/m³ to 1.20 t/m³. The presentation of fly ash affects the compaction parameters of the fill material.

Study of The Application of UAV Drone and Civil 3D Technology in Road Infrastrukcture Projects on Java Island

Firda Oktaviana Mbuinga — 2025-04-10

In 2030 it is estimated that the number of construction projects will increase by 85%, to answer this challenge, the construction world is expected to apply construction technology, some of which are UAV Drones and Civil 3D. The purpose of this study is to obtain the level of application, benefits of application, and utilization of UAV Drone and Civil 3D technology as well as to identify inhibiting factors in applying these two technologies. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument, then the data processing in this study used descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the UAV Drone application rate are rarely applied, for its use it is more applied to the monitoring stage, namely monitoring project progress, while utilization that requires advanced image processing is rarely applied. The most influential benefit of UAV Drone is minimizing time. As for the level of application of Civil 3D, which is often applied, its use is most widely applied at the design stage to design and model roads, the benefits of application that are felt to be very influential are minimizing time, increasing accuracy and efficiency, and reducing errors. From the resulting cartesian diagram, these two technologies are already in quadrant III (promoting) for UAV Drones and quadrant IV (highly implementation) for Civil 3D, so it is hoped that the authorities can make regulations or standards that can be used as a basis/reference in implementing (Infrastructure Building Information Modelling) I-BIM, especially in road infrastructure.

Evaluation of Installed Concrete Compressive Strength on Existing Pier Structure Based on Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing

Yudi Herdiansah — 2025-04-10

The dock is a critical component of a port, serving both as a mooring facility and a berthing area for ships. Given the importance of the quay, it is essential to ensure that each quay is equipped with suitable and functional facilities, both in terms of operational use and structural integrity. One method of evaluating existing quays is through structural testing. The objective of this structural testing is to obtain material parameters that will serve as inputs for modeling the existing structure. The material testing parameters to be determined include equivalent concrete compressive strength values, which will be used as references in the structural modeling of the quay. The structural testing comprises both destructive (DT) and non-destructive tests (NDT). To achieve results that accurately represent the overall condition of the existing structure, each test must be correlated with others. The correlations analyzed include those between core drill tests and hammer tests, as well as between core drill tests and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests. The correlation results chosen for use in the structural modeling are those between core drill tests and UPV tests. The equivalent compressive strength values obtained from this analysis are 21.41 MPa for Segment 1, 24.1 MPa for Segment 2, and 23.18 MPa for Segment 3. The analysis reveals differences in the equivalent compressive strength values for each segment, likely due to variations in the construction years of the quay segments, which correspond with the observed differences in equivalent concrete compressive strength.

Impact of Climate Change on Dam Construction: A Review

Sefrinta Sasma Murdiagatma — 2025-04-10

Climate change is a change in climate components such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, evaporation, wind direction and speed, and air. Climate change is a big problem that affects many areas, including dam construction. Climate change affects the ecosystem within the dam, changing river flow patterns and sediment reduction, affecting riparian vegetation, changing the frequency of waterlogging and swamp connectivity, and increasing the risk of flooding and dam safety. This research aims to conduct a literature study to determine the influence of the impact of climate change on dam construction from various aspects and problems that may occur. By using a comprehensive descriptive research method to summarize the entire material of this literature study. This study produces an understanding of how climate change can affect freshwater ecosystems, and natural river flow patterns, and cause changes in temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns. The amount of sediment that falls into rivers becomes greater during the rainy season, causing potential water shortages during the dry season and flooding during the rainy season, and changes in land use due to dam construction. For this reason, it is necessary to control and manage dam construction, as well as risk mitigation so that the impact of climate change that occurs on dam construction can be avoided.

Effect of Blending Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) for Stabilization of Clay Soil

Erlian Tamara — 2025-04-10

Clay soils have relatively low bearing capacity and high compressibility. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the soil before construction begins. This research aims to analyze the effect of adding sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) and rice husk ash (RHA) as clay stabilization materials based on the parameter values of soil shear strength, compression coefficient and consolidation coefficient. The clay soil samples in this study came from the Keandra Lagoon housing project area located in Tengah Tani Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency. The results showed that the original soil with the addition of 10% rice husk ash (RHA) and 10% sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) had a deep shear angle of 26.009° with a cohesion of 0.0635 kg/cm³. The lowest value of compression index (Cc) which amounted to 0.125 cm²/min was obtained at 10% sodium lignosulfonate and 10% rice husk ash with 28 days of curing treatment. While the highest coefficient of consolidation (Cv) which amounted to 0.308 cm²/min was obtained by soil with a mixture of 10% sodium lignosulfonate and 10% rice husk ash with 0 days of curing treatment. Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) and rice husk ash (RHA) can reduce the shrinkage expansion potential of soil based on consolidation testing.

Stabilization Analysis of Clay Soil Using Xanthan Gum Additive

Rani Ayu Rashita Rashita — 2025-04-10

Effects of Xanthan gum Addition As A Stabilization Material On Clay Soil Parameters In Consolidation And Direct Shear Tests. The effect of the addition of a supplementary material called XG to the clay soil of Kabupaten Cirebon, West Java is investigated in this study. The study shall analyse the effects of Xg addition on clay soil's stability by means of consolidation and directly shear tests with a view to determining the proportion of XGT compound that is capable of stabilising soils. The results of the study indicate that the addition of XG to clayey soil successfully increased the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value of the soil. With a cure interval of 28 days, the optimum percentage of XG addition has been found at 1.5% and resulted in CBR value values that are higher than those obtained by improving soil quality from poor to good. Moreover, the plasticity index of soil has increased as a result of adding XG. As the number of XG additions and treatment times rose, the plasticity index decreased. At the percentage of 1.5% XG addition with a 28-day curing period, the clayey soil fell into the medium plasticity category, reducing its potential for swelling. A 1.5% XG addition with a 28 day curing period has been the optimal percentage. At this percentage, the cohesion value of the soil reached its highest point, indicating an enhancement in the stability of the clayey soil. The knowledge gained from this research will be invaluable in the use of XG as an additive for clay soil stabilisation.

Characteristics of Soil Shear Strength Parameter on Slopes due to Changes in Soil Water Content

Ghina Amalia — 2025-04-10

The slope failure that occurred on the slope is indicated to be caused by an increase in soil mass due to the increase in water content filling the soil pores, which affects the soil properties, especially shear strength as one of the mechanical properties of soil. This study aims to analyze the effect of changes in soil water content on the shear strength of the slope. The study used disturbed soil samples taken at the edge of the slope on the Manna-Pagaralam Road section and were dried. Compaction testing was conducted to obtain the optimum water content (OWC) value, which represents the middle value of the variation in soil water content in the test samples. The variation of the test samples includes OWC-20%OWC, OWC-10%OWC, OWC, OWC+10%OWC, and OWC+20%OWC. The shear strength of the soil was obtained through Direct Shear testing. According to the USCS standard, the soil is classified as sandy clay soil. The Direct Shear testing results showed the highest cohesion (c) value in the OWC variation or at the Optimum Water Content variation, which is 2.796 kPa. This is because the cohesion value occurs in the fine particles, namely clay, which is influenced by the intergranular water content. Meanwhile, the highest internal friction angle value was obtained in the OWC-10%OWC variation, which is 32.15^o. This is because the internal friction angle value occurs in the coarse particles, namely sand particles, where friction decreases as the water content filling the soil pores increases.

Behavior Studies of Settlement in Tall Building: Case Studies and Analysis

Hanny Juliany Dani — 2025-04-10

The main problem in the construction of high-rise buildings is land subsidence which can affect the stability and safety of the structure. This study aims to analyze the behavior of the settlement of high-rise buildings based on various case studies in several locations, such as Chicago, Frankfurt, Shanghai, Singapore, Jakarta, and Surabaya. The analysis was carried out by comparing the results of theoretical predictions obtained through analytical calculations and finite element methods (FEM) with the data of measurement results in the field. The study also evaluated the factors that affect the magnitude of the settlement, including soil characteristics, structural loads, and the foundations used. The choice of foundation is one of the important factors. In overconsolidated clay soil, the largest settlement occurred was the settlement until the end of the construction period (initial settlement). The settlement that occurs can reach around 40-70% of the total settlement, some even reach 90%. For soils that have high rigidity, the use of raft foundations for tall buildings can be recommended. In Surabaya, the actual settlement (3.5 cm) was smaller than the theoretical prediction (13 cm) and FEM (15 cm), the mismatch reaching 77% was suspected to be due to expansive soil pressure swelling that was not detected in the model.