SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)

Rewalling Kavitas dengan Teknik Canal Projection pada Perawatan Saluran Akar Gigi Anterior dengan Kehilangan Struktur Mahkota

Shiela Nurulhuda Himmatie — 2026-02-19

Pendahuluan: Perawatan saluran akar pada gigi dengan kerusakan mahkota yang ekstensif menghadirkan berbagai tantangan seperti kesulitan mencapai isolasi yang adekuat, inefektivitas irigasi, dan hilangnya titik referensi yang stabil. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut adalah prosedur rewalling, yaitu teknik untuk merekonstruksi dinding kavitas yang hilang guna menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang ideal dan mengoptimalisasi keberhasilan perawatan endodontik. Laporan kasus: Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 20 tahun datang dengan keluhan gigi depan atas kiri berlubang. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan radiografis, gigi 21 didiagnosis sebagai pulpitis irreversibel asimptomatik dengan periodontitis apikalis simtomatik. Perawatan saluran akar dilakukan dalam beberapa kunjungan. Mengingat kerusakan mahkota yang ekstensif, dilakukan prosedur rewalling menggunakan resin komposit dengan teknik canal projection menggunakan gutta-percha untuk melindungi orifis. Prosedur ini memfasilitasi tahapan selanjutnya yaitu preparasi saluran akar, aplikasi medikamen kalsium hidroksida, dan obturasi dengan teknik single cone. Pembahasan: Tantangan utama pada kasus ini adalah kerusakan mahkota yang luas sehingga menyulitkan isolasi dan prosedur endodontik lainnya. Implementasi rewalling merupakan langkah krusial untuk menyediakan struktur yang memadai bagi pemasangan rubber dam, menciptakan reservoir untuk larutan irigasi, serta membentuk titik referensi yang stabil untuk pengukuran panjang kerja yang akurat. Penggunaan bevel dan teknik canal projection mengoptimalisasi retensi restorasi dan menjaga akses saluran akar tetap terbuka. Simpulan: Prosedur rewalling kavitas terbukti menjadi intervensi fundamental yang efektif dalam penatalaksanaan perawatan saluran akar pada gigi dengan kerusakan mahkota yang ekstensif. Teknik ini berhasil mengatasi tantangan prosedural dan berkontribusi pada keberhasilan perawatan dengan mengoptimalisasi isolasi, disinfeksi, dan instrumentasi.

Kata kunci: Pulpitis Irreversibel Asimptomatik, Rewalling, Perawatan Saluran Akar, Canal Projection.

Sleep Bruxism in a Child with Sleep Disturbances and Psychosocial Factors: A Multidisciplinary Case Report

Cut Meutia Fitriani — 2026-02-19

Introduction: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep. In children, SB may lead to severe tooth attrition, restoration failure, and impaired sleep quality, often influenced by psychosocial factors. Early and multidisciplinary intervention is crucial to prevent further oral and functional complications. Methods: This case report describes the comprehensive management of a child diagnosed with severe sleep bruxism. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted, and the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ – Abbreviated) was administered to assess sleep quality and behavioral patterns. Dental management included restorative treatment and occlusal protection, combined with sleep hygiene education and family counseling. Case Report: A 5-year-old girl presented with a damaged and dislodged bioflex crown, accompanied by severe attrition of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Conclusion: Severe sleep bruxism in children requires a multidisciplinary approach addressing dental, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. SSC restoration, acrylic occlusal splint, and sleep hygiene education proved effective in protecting dentition and improving the patient’s sleep and well-being.

Labial Frenectomy with Conventional Scalpel Technique as Preliminary Preparation for Diastema Closure: A Case Report

Annisa Anindya — 2026-03-08

Introduction: Midline diastema refers to a space between the maxillary central incisors, commonly observed in children and typically resolving with age. However, approximately 6% of cases persist into adolescence or adulthood, potentially compromising smile aesthetics. One etiological factor in such persistent cases is an abnormally wide or elongated maxillary labial frenum extending between the central incisors. Surgical management via frenectomy is often indicated. The aim of this case report is to highlights the management of a papillary penetrating frenum type using conventional frenectomy. Case report: A 16-year-old female patient reported dissatisfaction with the appearance of her smile due to a noticeable gap in the maxillary anterior region. Intraoral examination revealed a high attachment of the maxillary labial frenum accompanied by a midline diastema. The patient was diagnosed with a mucogingival deformity in the form of a high maxillary labial frenum attachment, classified as the papillary penetrating type. The chosen treatment was a conventional frenectomy using a single hemostat technique. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated a transition of the frenal attachment to the gingival type, thereby facilitating the initiation of fixed orthodontic therapy to correct the diastema. The frenectomy procedure resulted in favorable outcomes without any complications. Discussion: Conventional scalpel frenectomy using a single hemostat technique may be an option as a first step before orthodontic treatment. The procedure effectively repositioned the frenum attachment and created favorable conditions for preliminary preparation. Conclusion: Conventional frenectomy using the single hemostat technique proved to be an effective and safe treatment for high maxillary labial frenum attachment.

Keywords: Frenectomy, Maxillary labial frenum, Midline diastema

Surgical Management of Mandibular Angle Fracture in an Adolescent Patient: A Case Report

Nabilla Soraya Fajarina Putri — 2026-03-19

Introduction: Mandibular fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients pose unique challenges due to active facial growth and differing biomechanical properties of bone. Treatment planning in adolescents must carefully balance surgical stability and preservation of growth potential. The mandibular angle is a common site of fracture, often resulting from high-impact trauma. Aim of this case report is to describes the surgical management of a right mandibular angle fracture in adolescent using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) combined with intermaxillary fixation. Case report: A 16-year-old male presented with right jaw pain persisting for one week following a motor vehicle accident. Extraoral examination revealed facial asymmetry, edema, and hematoma in the right chin region. Intraoral findings included trismus, edema and erythema in the gingiva of region 48, posterior open bite, and malocclusion. Panoramic radiography revealed a step deformity at the right mandibular angle. The diagnosis was a right mandibular angle fracture and treated with ORIF followed by intermaxillary fixation using arch bars. Three week postoperative follow-up, the fracture was well stabilized, occlusion had returned to normal, and minimal postoperative complications were noted. Discussion: ORIF and temporary intermaxillary fixation provided adequate stabilization without interfering with developing structures. Prompt intervention and careful surgical planning resulted in proper fracture healing and restoration of function. Conclusion: ORIF combined with intermaxillary fixation is a reliable treatment option for mandibular angle fractures in adolescents. Early recognition, proper surgical planning, and appropriate follow-up are essential to achieve favorable functional and esthetic outcomes without compromising facial growth.

Keywords: Adolescent, Intermaxillary fixation, Mandibular angle fracture, ORIF

From Genes to Teeth: A Scoping Review on Dental Anomalies and Dentition Alterations in Genetic Syndromes

Nadia Syifa Amira — 2026-03-19

Introduction: Genetic disorders, resulting from specific gene mutations, often impair systemic growth and craniofacial development, with manifestations extending to the oral cavity. Many syndromes present with odontogenesis alterations, including tooth anomalies in morphology, size, number, enamel integrity, and eruption timing. These dental phenotypes may serve as an early diagnostic indicator for multidisciplinary care. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO was performed for studies published from January 2015 to June 2025. Of 184 records, 9 met the inclusion criteria. Results: Distinct syndrome-specific dental patterns were identified. Turner syndrome mainly associated with supernumerary teeth, while Otodental syndrome showed globodontia. Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome revealed delayed eruption, microdontia, and agenesis. Down syndrome presented with agenesis and delayed eruption. Williams syndrome was characterized by microdontia and diastema, whereas Wilson’s disease showed dens invaginatus. PHACE syndrome presented root anomalies, Ehlers–Danlos syndromes showed enamel hypoplasia and dentin defects, and Blepharocheilodontic syndrome demonstrated tooth agenesis and conical teeth. These patterns correlated with mutations in odontogenesis-related genes. Discussion: Dental anomalies represent consistent phenotypic manifestations in genetic syndromes. Each syndrome exhibits distinct abnormalities, as specific mutations result in variations in morphology, size, density, growth, eruption, and overall development, thereby highlighting genotype–phenotype correlations. Dentition changes may serve as non-invasive diagnostic markers, with genetic insights guiding therapy. Conclusion: Dental anomalies and dentition alterations contribute a significant phenotypic component in many genetic syndromes. Their recognition, alongside genetic testing, can improve diagnostic accuracy and promote comprehensive interdisciplinary management. Further research should refine genotype–phenotype mapping to optimize interdisciplinary care.

Key word: Dental anomalies, genetic syndromes, dentition changes, supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, dens invaginatus, craniofacial abnormalities.

Metabolomic Profiling of Saliva in Pediatric Dental Caries: A Scoping Review

Rosely Lydia Ingkiriwang — 2026-03-19

Introduction : Dental caries is one of the most common chronic oral diseases in children. Its development involves complex interactions among diet, oral microbiota, host factors, and saliva. Salivary metabolomics, the analysis of small molecules in saliva, has emerged as a promising approach to identify biomarkers associated with caries. This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence on salivary metabolomics in pediatric caries, focusing on analytical methods, major findings, and clinical implications.

Methods : Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched for English-language articles published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies included participants ≤18 years old, applied validated metabolomic platforms, and investigated salivary metabolites in relation to dental caries. Studies not using saliva, involving adults, systemic diseases, or non-metabolomic approaches were excluded.

Results and Discussion : Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. NMR and LC-MS were the most common platforms. Frequently reported metabolites elevated in caries-active children included acetate, lactate, formate, and certain amino acids such as tyrosine and glycine. These metabolic shifts reflect bacterial activity and amino acid breakdown. However, methodological differences limited comparability across studies, and evidence from longitudinal or predictive modeling studies remains scarce.

Conclusion : Salivary metabolomics offers promise for identifying non-invasive biomarkers of pediatric caries. While preliminary data are encouraging, consistent methodologies and larger studies are needed to validate metabolomic markers for early diagnosis and caries risk assessment.

Efektivitas Edukasi Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Menggunakan Media Flipchart Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Caesary Cloudya Panjaitan — 2026-03-19

Latar belakang: Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak masih tergolong tinggi akibat rendahnya pengetahuan dan kebiasaan menjaga kebersihan gigi yang belum terbentuk. Data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 menunjukkan bahwa 50,9% masyarakat mengalami masalah gigi dan mulut dengan perilaku menyikat gigi yang benar hanya 3,4%. Pemberian edukasi dengan media yang menarik terbukti dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat khususnya siswa sekolah dasar. Flipchart merupakan salah satu media yang banyak digunakan karena memiliki visualisasi yang menarik dan sesuai dengan karakteristik usia siswa serta mudah dalam pembuatan dan penggunaannya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas media flipchart dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa sekolah dasar. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan quasi-experimental dengan rancangan pretest dan posttest design pada siswa kelas III SDN 146/VIII Rejosari, Jambi berjumlah 45 siswa. Pengetahuan diukur menggunakan kuesioner berisi 19 pernyataan mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Pengetahuan siswa dikategorikan menjadi baik, cukup, dan kurang dilanjutkan uji bivariat menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil: Hampir seluruh pernyataan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sesudah edukasi. pengetahuan dengan kategori baik sebesar 6,67%, kategori cukup sebesar 33,33%, dan kategori kurang sebesar 60%. Sedangkan setelah edukasi, terjadi peningkatan pada kategori baik menjadi 44,44%, penurunan pada kategori cukup menjadi 28,89%, dan kategori kurang menjadi 26,67%. Hasil uji beda pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi menggunakan media flipchart didapatkan p < 0,001. Kesimpulan: Media flipchart terbukti efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa sekolah dasar.