Unfair Access to Justice for Non-Indonesian Speakers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28932/di.v16i1.10039Kata Kunci:
Access to Justice, Interpreter Storage, Legal InterpretingAbstrak
Bantuan juru bahasa hukum berdampak langsung pada hasil yang dicapai dalam suatu perkara (Hale dan Stern; Perry; Saputri; Stern). Laporan ini mengkaji ketersediaan juru bahasa hukum di Bali, sebagai salah satu dari dua provinsi di Indonesia yang paling membutuhkan juru bahasa hukum. Laporan ini memaparkan adanya kekurangan juru bahasa hukum di Bali, serta adanya kesenjangan yang mencolok antara ketersediaan juru bahasa Inggris dibandingkan dengan juru bahasa non-Inggris. Laporan ini juga mengungkapkan adanya penggunaan juru bahasa Inggris bagi individu yang bukan penutur bahasa Inggris, sekaligus menekankan dampak negatif praktik tersebut terhadap akses yang adil terhadap keadilan di Indonesia, sekaligus adanya potensi pengajuan banding karena tidak adanya akses yang adil terhadap keadilan.Unduhan
Referensi
Books
Becker, Katherine M. Lack of Indigenous-Language Interpreters Compounds Border Tragedy. The Seattle Times, 2022.
Colin, Joan and Ruth Morris. Interpreters and the Legal Process. Waterside Press, 2001.
Stone, John Henry Dingfelder. Court Interpreters and Fair Trials. Springer, 2018.
Gonzalez, Roseann Duennas et al. Fundamentals of Court Interpretation : Theory, Policy, and Practice. Second edition. ed., Carolina Academic Press, University of Arizona Agnese Haury Institute for Interpretation Series, 2012.
Hale, Sandra and Jemina Napier. Research Methods in Interpreting: A Practical Resource. A&C Black, 2013.
Magnusson, Eva and Jeanne Marecek. Doing Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Learner's Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Ng, Eva NS. Common Law in an Uncommon Courtroom: Judicial Interpreting in Hong Kong. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014.
Orlando, Marc. Training 21st Century Translators and Interpreters: At the Crossroads of Practice, Research and Pedagogy. Vol. 21, Frank & Timme GmbH, 2016.
Pamungkas, Sri. Bahasa Indonesia dalam Berbagai Perspektif: Dilengkapi dengan Teori, Aplikasi, dan Analisis Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Saat Ini. Andi Offset, 2012.
Russell, Debra and Sandra Beatriz Hale. Interpreting in Legal Settings. Gallaudet University Press, 2008.
Shlesinger, Miriam and Franz Pochhacker. Doing Justice to Court Interpreting. John Benjamins Publishing, 2010.
Stern, Ludmila. Legal Interpreting in Domestic and International Courts. The Routledge Handbook of Language and Superdiversity, Routledge, 2018.
Zhao, Junfeng et al. 4 Probing into Court Interpreting Studies. Global Insights into Public Service Interpreting: Theory, Practice and Training, 2021.
Journals
Aliverti, Ana and Rachel Seoighe. "Lost in Translation: Examining the Role of Court Interpreters in Cases Involving Foreign National Defendants in England and Wales." New criminal law review, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2017, pp. 130-156, doi:10.1525/nclr.2017.20.1.130.
Ana, I Wayan et al. "Legal Interpreters’ View on the Feedback from Users: A Case Study in Bali." International Journal of Social Science Humanity & Managemetn Research, Vol. 3, No. 6, 2024, pp. 38-48, doi:10.58806/ijsshmr.2024.v3i1n06.
Ana, I Wayan et al. "Legal Interpreters' Performance from Users' View: A Case Study in Bali." WICSTH 2022: Proceedings of the 2nd Warmadewa International Conference on Science, Technology and Humanity, 2023, p. 108, http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2328239.
Ana, I Wayan. "The Challenge of the Interpreter in Interpreting Non-Native English Speakers: A Case Study-Eit Case at Court of Gianyar–Bali." English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Proceedings, Vol. 2, 2018, pp. 502-509, https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/ELLIC/article/view/3580.
Ana, Wayan et al. "Dilemmatic Role of Legal Interpreters in Assisting Foreigners in Legal Setting." International Linguistics Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022, pp. 38- 48, doi:https://doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v5n2p23.
Cooke, Michael S. "Interpreter Ethics Versus Customary Law Quality and Compromise in Aboriginal." The Critical Link 5: Quality in interpreting a shared responsibility, Vol. 87, 2009, pp. 85 – 97, https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.87.08coo.
Dewi, Haru Deliana. "Ukp (Indonesian Translators’ Qualification Exam) in Relation to Legal Translation Practice in Indonesia Its History, Roles, Debates and Challenges." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2017, p. 7, https://doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v7i1.141.
Eloisa, Monteoliva-Garcia. "The Last Ten Years of Legal Interpreting Research (2008-2017). A Review of Research in the Eld of Legal Interpreting." Language and Law, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2018, pp. 38 - 61, https://ojs.letras.up.pt/index.php/LLLD/article/view/4546.
Garcia, Erika Gonzalez. "Professional Development as a Vehicle on the Road Towards Professionalism. The Ausit Experience." Intralinea, Vol. 21, No. 21, 2019, pp. 1-10, https://www.intralinea.org/archive/article/2347.
Giambruno, Cynthia. “Assessing Legal Interpreter Quality through Testing and Certification: The Qualitas Project.” Universidad de Alicante, 2014, Vol. 2, pp. 138 – 140, https://doi.org/10.37536/FITISPos-IJ.2015.2.0.86.
Gustafsson, Kristina et al. "The Right to an Interpreter: A Guarantee of Legal Certainty and Equal Access to Public Services in Sweden?." Just. Journal of Language Rights & Minorities, Revista de Drets Lingüístics i Minories, Vol. 1, No. 1-2, 2022, pp. 165-192, DOI:10.7203/Just.1.24781.
Hertog, Erik. “EU Directive 2010/64/EU on the Right to Interpretation and Translation in Criminal Proceedings." Official Journal of the European Union, L 280, 2010, pp. 1-7.
Hale, Sandra et al. "Interpreter Performance in Police Interviews. Differences between Trained Interpreters and Untrained Bilinguals." The interpreter and translator trainer, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2019, pp. 107-131, doi:10.1080/1750399X.2018.1541649.
Hale, Sandra. "Controversies over the Role of the Court Interpreter." Benjamins Translation Library, Vol. 76, No. 5 2008, pp. 99-121, https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.76.06hal.
Hale, Sandra. "Specialist Legal Interpreters for a Fairer Justice System." Routledge, Vol. 1, No. 1 2019, pp. 47-64, doi: 10.4324/9781315098791-4.
Hale, Sandra. "The Need to Raise the Bar : Court Interpreters as Specialised Experts." Judicial review (Sydney, N.S.W.), Vol. 10, No. 2, 2011, pp. 237-258, https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/ielapa.201104332.
Hayes, Alejandra and Sandra Hale. "Appeals on Incompetent Interpreting." Journal of Judicial Administration, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2010, pp. 119-130, https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/agispt.20111819.
Herráez, Juan-Miguel Ortega et al. "Translating for Domestic Courts in Multicultural Regions: Issues and New Developments in Europe and the United States of America." Legal Translation in Context: Professional Issues and Prospects, Peter Lang, Vol. 4, No. 9, 2013, pp. 89-121, DOI: 10.3726/978-3-0353-0433-6.
Herráez, Ortega et al. "Interpreting in Police Settings in Spain." Valero Garcés, Carmen & Anne Martin (eds.), Vol. 76, No. 7, 2008, pp. 123-146, https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.76.07her.
Hertog, Erik. "Community Interpreting." Handbook of Translation Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010, pp. 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1075/hts.1.comm3.
Hertog, Erik. "Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Right to Interpretation and Translation in Criminal Proceedings: Transposition Strategies with Regard to Interpretation and Traduction." Universitat de Valencia, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2015, pp. 73 – 100, DOI: 10.6035/MonTI.2015.7.2.
Hlavac, Jim et al. "Translators' and Interpreters' Engagement with Professional Development in Australia: An Analysis of Key Factors." The international journal of translation and interpreting research, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2024, pp. 142-165, doi:10.12807/ti.116201.2024.a08.
Hlavac, Jim. "A Cross-National Overview of Translator and Interpreter Certification Procedures." The international journal of translation and interpreting research, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2013, pp. 32-65, doi:10.12807/ti.105201.2013.a02.
Huashu, Wang and Zhang Jing. "A Study on Interpreters’ Technical Competence in the Information Age." Journal of Beijing International Studies University, Vol. 37, No. 10, 2015, p. 25, DOI: 10.12002/j.bisu.353.
Jaeger, Fabienne N et al. "Barriers to and Solutions for Addressing Insufficient Professional Interpreter Use in Primary Healthcare." BMC health services research, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2019, pp. 1-11, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4628-6.
Junfeng, Zhao and Chen Shan. "The Retrospection and Prospect of the Court Interpreting of China and the West [J]." Chinese Science & Technology Translators Journal, vol. 3, 2008.
Lee, Jieun. "A Case Study of Interpreter-Mediated Witness Statement: Police Interpreting in South Korea." Police Practice and Research, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2017, pp. 194-205, doi:10.1080/15614263.2016.1248840.
Lysenko, Olga A. and Oleg M. Barbakov. "A Review of Problems in Legal Interpreting." Journal of advanced research in law and economics, Vol. 7, No. 19, 2016, pp. 1103-1109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.
Mikkelson, Holy. "Evolving Views of the Court Interpreter's Role between Scylla and Charybdis." University of Northern Colorado, Vol. 76, No. 5, 2008, pp. 81-97, DOI: 10.1075/btl.76.05mik.
Nakane, Ikuko and Makiko Mizuno. "Judgments on Court Interpreting in Japan: Ideologies and Practice." International journal for the semiotics of law = Revue internationale de sémiotique juridique, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2019, pp. 773-793, doi:10.1007/s11196-019-09642-3.
Orlando, Marc. "Training and Educating Interpreter and Translator Trainers as Practitioners-Researchers-Teachers." The interpreter and translator trainer, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2019, pp. 216-232, doi:10.1080/1750399X.2019.1656407.
Ozolins, Uldis. "Factors That Determine the Provision of Public Service Interpreting: Comparative Perspectives on Government Motivation and Language Service Implementation." The Journal of specialised translation, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2010, pp. 194-215, http://www.jostrans.org/issue14/art_ozolins.php.
Perry, Melissa. "Statements of Reasons: Issues of Legality and Best Practice." Brief, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2021, pp. 32-35, https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.700953764388678.
Rahmatillah, Kartini. "Modulation in Translation Process." Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2017, pp. 68-75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v4i1.334.
Saputri, Ananda Ima. "International Legal Perspective on the Implementation of the Death Penalty Case Study of Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso." The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, pp. 163-196, DOI:10.15294/digest.v1i2.48628.
Sherman, Julia. "The Right to an Interpreter under Customary International Law." Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2016, p. 257, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2773013.
Smith, Len Roberts. "Forensic Interpreting: Trial and Error.” The Critical Link, Vol. 87, No. 5, 2009, pp. 13-35, doi:10.1075/btl.87.03rob.
Stern, Ludmila. "What Can Domestic Courts Learn from International Courts and Tribunals About Good Practice in Interpreting?: From the Australian War Crimes Prosecutions to the International Criminal Court." T & I Review, Vol. 2, 2012, pp. 7 – 30.
Stern, Ludmilla and Xin Liu. "See You in Court: How Do Australian Institutions Train Legal Interpreters?." The interpreter and translator trainer, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2019, pp. 361-389, https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2019.1611012.
Tulich, Tamara et al. "Miscarriage of Justice in Western Australia: The Case of Gene Gibson." Griffith Journal of Law & Human Dignity, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2017, pp. 105 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69970/gjlhd.v5i2.960.
Wallace, Melissa. "Competency-Based Education and Assessment: A Proposal for Us Court Interpreter Certification." Quality Assurance and Assessment Practices in Translation and Interpreting, IGI Global, 2019, pp. 112-132, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5225-3.ch005.
Thesis
Lai, Miranda. Police Cognitive Interviews Conducted through Interpreters — an Experimental Study of the Inherent Conflicts in Interlingual Operations. RMIT University, Georgina Heydon, 2016.
Law and Regulations
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 tentang Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara serta Lagu Kebangsaan.
Indonesia, The President of the Republic of Indonesia. "Presidential Regulation No. 63." 2019.
Republik Indonesia, Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Kapolri No. 12 Tahun 2009 tentang Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Penanganan Perkara Pidana di Lingkungan Kepolisian Negara RI.
"The Recommended National Standards for Working with Interpreters in Court and Tribunal." 2017.
United States Courts. Guide to Judiciary Policy.
Online Resources
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Jumlah Perjalanan Wisatawan Nasional (Perjalanan), 2024.” Badan Pusat Statistik, 2024, https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjE5NSMy/jumlah-perjalanan-wisatawan-nasional.html.
Besinfo. "Tak Ada Penerjemah, Sidang Penyiraman Air Keras Hingga Tewas Di Cianjur Ditunda (No Interpreter, Trial of Dousing Acid to Death in Cianjur Postponed)." Besinfo, March 30, 2022, https://besinfo.com/sidang-kasus-penyiraman-air-keras-kembali-digelar-pelaku-tidak-berniat-membunuh/.
USC. Federal Court Interpreter Certification Examination, United States Courts, May 2, 2025, https://www.uscourts.gov/services-forms/federal-court-interpreters/federal-court-interpreter-certification-examination.
Gage, Nicola. "Indigenous Interpreter Shortage 'Adding to High Incarceration Rates' for Aboriginal People: Some Aboriginal People Are Being Kept in Custody for Longer Than Required Because of a Lack of Interpreters in South Australia, Lawyers Representing Indigenous People Claim." ABC Premium News, February 28, 2017, https://www.prison-insider.com/en/articles/indigenous-interpreter-shortage-adding-to-high-incarceration-rates-for-aboriginal-people.
Hidayat, Rofiq. "Urgensi Penerjemah Di Pengadilan." Hukum Online, March 15, 2024, https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/urgensi-penerjemah-di-pengadilan-lt4fb9de38ca946/.
Infotek HPI. "Rilis Pelaksanaan Tes Sertifikasi Nasional (TSN) Juru Bahasa Himpunan Penerjemah Indonesia (HPI) Tahun 2024." Himpunan Penerjemah Indonesia (HPI), www.hpi.or.id/rilis-pelaksanaan-tsn-juru-bahasa-hpi-tahun-2024.
Mahendro, A. "Kejati Bali Eksekusi 65 Wna Berperkara Tindak Pidana Selama Semester I 2023." Detik Bali, March 15, 2024, https://www.detik.com/bali/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-6835799/kejati-bali-eksekusi-65-wna-berperkara-tindak-pidana-selama-semester-i-2023.
Rachmawati, Fitri and Farid Assifa. "Tak Ada Penerjemah, Sidang Pertama Dorfin Felix Ditunda (No Interpreter, First Hearring of Dorfin Felix Adjourned)." Kompas, March 15, 2024, https://lipsus.kompas.com/pameranotomotifnasional2024/read/2019/02/21/20250891/tak-ada-penerjemah-sidang-pertama-dorfin-felix-ditunda.
Raka, Tengku. "Penerjemah, Terdakwa, Hukuman Mati: Para Penyambung Harapan (Interpreters, Defendants, Death Sentence: The Hope Givers)." Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat (Community Legal Aid) https://lbhmasyarakat.org/penerjemah-terdakwa-hukuman-mati-para-penyambung-harapan/#_ftnref12, July 16, 2024.
Judicial Commission. “Recommended National Standards for Working with Interpreters in Courts and Tribunals." Judicial Council on Cultural Diversity, August 22, 2017, https://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au/publications/benchbks/judicial_officers/national_standards_for_interpreters_in_courts.html.
Saputra, H. N. "867 Wna Terlibat Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Di Bali." Bali Bisnis, March 15, 2024, https://bali.bisnis.com/read/20230509/537/1654302/867-wna-terlibat-pelanggaran-lalu-lintas-di-bali.
Sultan, Suparman. "Gara-Gara Penerjemah "Enggak Nyambung" Dengan Terdakwa, Sidang Batal (Interpreter "Couldn't Communicate" with Defendant, Hearing Cancelled." Kompas, March 7, 2014, https://regional.kompas.com/read/2014/04/07/1905102/Gara-gara.Penerjemah.Enggak.Nyambung.dengan.Terdakwa.Sidang.Batal.
##submission.downloads##
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Eni Candra Tampubolon
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
