Norma Internasional AI: Peran UNESCO dan OECD dalam Etika Global

International AI Norms: The Role of UNESCO and OECD in Global Ethics

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created tremendous opportunities in various sectors, including healthcare, education, and justice, but at the same time raises serious ethical, legal, and social challenges. Accountability, transparency, and the protection of human rights remain central issues that global AI governance has yet to fully address. Two major normative initiatives are the OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence (2019), which emphasize innovation and economic growth, and the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (2021), which focuses on human dignity, social justice, and inclusiveness. This article examines the contributions of both organizations in shaping AI ethical principles and explores the potential transformation of these principles from soft law into hard law. Using a normative juridical approach, the study finds that the OECD’s strength lies in promoting innovation and economic collaboration, while UNESCO emphasizes the protection of human rights and social values. The findings highlight the importance of constructing a multi-dimensional international ethical framework for AI that integrates both social and economic values to ensure that ethical principles can evolve into binding international regulations.