microRNA: Sebuah panduan pemula untuk klinisi dan peneliti

Ardo Sanjaya

doi:10.28932/jmh.v5i1.3540

Authors

Ardo Sanjaya Universitas Kristen Maranatha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v5i1.3540

Keywords:

microRNA, pembentukan microRNA, kanker, diabetes, pengobatan berbasis RNA

Abstract

MicroRNA (MiRNA) adalah RNA pendek (sekitar 22 nukleotida) yang tidak mengkode pembentukan protein tetapi mengatur banyak fungsi penting dalam tubuh manusia. MiRNA pertama ditemukan pada tahun 1993 dan sekarang telah ditemukan mempengaruhi hampir semua penyakit manusia. MiRNA menjalani jalur pemrosesan terpisah dengan beberapa langkah di dalam nukleus dan sitoplasma. Proses ini juga dikontrol dengan ketat di banyak titik, menciptakan jalur regulasi yang sangat kompleks. Gangguan jalur ini dapat menyebabkan fenotipe penyakit seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh banyak pola ekspresi MiRNA yang terkait dengan keadaan penyakit. Namun, perkembangan mikroRNA masih relatif baru, dan ada banyak hal yang masih belum kita ketahui. Oleh karena itu, artikel reviu ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendahuluan mengenai MiRNA mulai dari sejarahnya hingga perkembangan terbaru bagi para klinisi dan peneliti. Dalam pembuatan reviu ini dilakukan pencarian dengan kata kunci MiRNA melalui sistem pencarian PubMed pada pangkalan data MEDLINE. Hasil pencarian yang relevan akan dipilih oleh peneliti untuk diikutsertakan dalam artikel ini. Berdasarkan pencarian didapatkan bahwa MiRNA memiliki regulasi yang sangat kompleks dengan efek yang luas pada tubuh manusia. Efek dari MiRNA ini dapat ditemukan pada kondisi infark myokard, diabetes, hingga kanker. Suatu hari nanti, terapi berbasis RNA mungkin menjadi hal yang umum sehingga peneliti dan klinisi harus terbiasa dengan subjek yang berkembang pesat ini.

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