Performa guru dalam perspektif kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan lingkungan kerja

Authors

  • Sance K. M. Waromi Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Hukum dan Bisnis Digital, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
  • Rony Setiawan Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Hukum dan Bisnis Digital, Universitas Kristen Maranatha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28932/vikara.v1i2.14084

Keywords:

leadership, performance, school principal, teacher, work environment

Abstract

Teacher performance is one of the essential elements for the continuous improvement of education quality. This performance can be influenced by various organizational factors, including the work environment and leadership of the principal. This research has a scientific objective, namely to analyze the effect of these two variables on teacher performance at SMA Negeri 1 Timika using a quantitative associative research design, conducted with 49 civil servant teachers from the school as respondents. A closed questionnaire survey was one of the main techniques used to obtain all the targeted research data. Teacher performance was proven to be a positive result of the principal's leadership, which confirms that the direction, guidance, and support of leaders have an important influence on improving the performance of their subordinates. Teacher performance was also proven to be a positive result of the work environment, which indicates that a conducive work environment, especially harmonious working relationships, also strengthens teacher performance. Simultaneously, these two variables explain more than half of the variation in teacher performance, thus showing that organizational factors contribute substantially to the effectiveness of educators' work. These findings conclude that optimal teacher performance is the positive result of competent leadership and a conducive work environment. The implications of this study emphasize the need to strengthen school management, improve working conditions, and provide more optimal managerial support to encourage the continuous improvement of teacher professionalism.

References

Ali, E. Y., & Susilawati, D. (2025). Principal leadership style on teacher performance in elementary school environment. Profesi Pendidikan Dasar, 12(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v12i1.8885

Aprilia, S. I., & Wulansari, P. (2024). The effect of work environment and work discipline on teacher performance at SMK PGRI Cikampek. International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 3(1), 321-326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/irjems-v3i1p136

Aulia, D. D. (2024, February 18). Waka MPR dorong peningkatan kompetensi guru untuk cetak generasi unggul. Detik News. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7199650/waka-mpr-dorong-peningkatan-kompetensi-guru-untuk-cetak-generasi-unggul

Aulia, E. D., Burhanuddin, B., & Arifin, I. (2025). Analysis of internal and external factors influencing teacher performance. Academia Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.11004

Auliana, S., Supriyanto, A. S., & Harini, S. (2021). Understanding teacher performance through leadership role, work environment, and work motivation. Manageria: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 155-168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/manageria.2021.62-10

Awaliyah, N., Purwanto, N. A., & Ikhwan, Muh. S. (2025). Unpacking teacher performance: Roles of leadership, work climate, and competence in Indonesian schools. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(2), 359-369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i2.1275

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik pendidikan 2024. In Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) (Vol. 13). https://www.bps.go.id/assets/publication/2024/11/22/c20eb87371b77ee79ea1fa86/statistik-pendidikan-2024.html

Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206

Carudin, C., & Agus, K. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan iklim kerja sekolah terhadap kinerja guru. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56916/jipi.v1i1.118

Devi, I. A. G. D. P., & Wiyasa, I. K. N. (2021). Kontribusi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 4(2), 278-287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v4i2.32814

Efendi, F., Sunaryo, H., & Harijanto, D. (2023). Efektivitas kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah melalui komitmen kerja terhadap kinerja guru merdeka belajar. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 11(2), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.21831/jamp.v11i2.60605

Elfira, E., Rasdiana, R., Fitrawati, F., Jasman, M. W., Reski, K., Anwar, A., & Enaldi, E. (2024). How does principal’s instructional leadership shape teacher performance mediated by teacher self-efficacy in Indonesian education context? Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1401394

Hamasy, A. I. A. (2023, June 21). Sistem pendidikan Indonesia masih perlu banyak perbaikan. Kompas.Id. https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/06/21/rpjm

Hasan, A., & Sumarni, S. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, lingkungan kerja fisik, motivasi kerja guru terhadap kinerja guru di SMPN 1 VII Kota Sarik Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 5(2), 5918-5931. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jpdk/article/view/15294?utm

Imamuddin, T. (2024). Pengaruh kepemimpinan dan motivasi kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru. Journal of Education Research, 5(4), 6254-6261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i4.1616

Jumarpati, J., & Dewi, S. R. K. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru pada UPT SMA Negeri se-Kota Palopo. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 6(2), 150-161. https://journal.stieamkop.ac.id/index.php/seiko/article/view/5698?utm

Jumatullailah, S. N., Nurhasanah, N., & Maksum, A. (2024). Studi literatur analisis peran guru sebagai model dalam penguatan karakter pada peserta didik SD. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri, 10(3), 150-163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v10i3.3644

Khotidjah, S., Subijanto, S., & Kartika, C. (2025). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja guru melalui motivasi kerja di SMAN 1 Jiwan Kabupaten Madiun. Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Mahasiswa, 3(5), 355-365. https://ejurnal.kampusakademik.my.id/index.php/jipm/article/view/1411?utm

Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227-261. https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2018/Kock_Hadaya_2018_ISJ_SampleSizePLS.pdf

Luhkita, E. T., & Parwoto, P. (2020). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru SMK Assalam Depok. Ad-Deenar: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 4(01), 95-104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346269187

Lutfah, A., Hariyati, N., & Handayaningrum, W. (2019). Improved teacher performance through work culture and environment. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 1(8), 859-863. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i8.2240

Maharani, S. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah berbasis self efficacy dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru MIN 12 Medan. Jurnal Generasi Ceria Indonesia, 1(1), 5-10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47709/geci.v1i1.2322

Mailani, N., & Prasojo, L. D. (2025). The influence of principal leadership, work motivation and organizational culture on teacher performance. Journal of Education, Teaching, and Learning, 10(1), 21-29. https://journal.stkipsingkawang.ac.id/index.php/JETL/article/view/6692/pdf

Memon, M. A., Ting, H., Cheah, J.-H., Thurasamy, R., Chuah, F., & Cham, T. H. (2020). Sample size for survey research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 4(2). https://jasemjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Memon-et-al_JASEM_-Editorial_V4_Iss2_June2020.pdf

Mulyadi, M. (2019). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja non fisik dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja guru SMAN 6 Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Ekonomi Efektif, 1(3), 117-128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32493/JEE.v1i3.3465

Neliwati, N., Anas, M. H., & Lestari, A. (2024). Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru melalui supervisi di madrasah ibtidaiyah. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(1), 312-322. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/gcouns.v9i1.6388

Nurafifah, D. A., & Inayah, Z. (2023). Hubungan lingkungan kerja dan stres kerja dengan kinerja guru sekolah dasar negeri. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(12), 146-154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8072982

Nurmaliadina, N. (2018). Pengaruh motivasi, lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru di Sekolah MTs Al-Ihsan Kenje Campalagian Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Jurnal Ilmiah Tarbiyah Umat, 8(2), 191-204. https://ejournals.ddipolman.ac.id/index.php/jitu/article/view/63

Perezgonzalez, J. D. (2016). Statistical sensitiveness for science. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1604.01844

Revina, S. (2019, December 6). Skor siswa Indonesia dalam penilaian Global PISA melorot, kualitas guru dan disparitas mutu penyebab utama. The SMERU Research Institute (Smeru.or.Id). https://smeru.or.id/id/article-id/skor-siswa-indonesia-dalam-penilaian-global-pisa-melorot-kualitas-guru-dan-disparitas

Sari, W. M., Wandra, N., Bismark, O. P., Dakhyar, D., & Putra, M. A. (2024). Empowering educators: The impact of principal leadership and supervision on teacher performance at Ulu Tulisi Private Madrasah Aliyah. Strata International Journal of Social Issues, 1(2), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.59631/sijosi.v1i2.226

Setiawati, L., Wijaya, H. A., Riyanto, M., & Purwandari, E. (2024). The role of principal leadership in improving teacher performance. ZAHRA: Research and Tought Elmentary School of Islam Journal, 5(1), 70-86. https://jurnal.istaz.ac.id/index.php/ZAHRA/article/view/1531?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Shohib, M., Suhariadi, F., & Agustina, T. S. (2024). The role of organizational commitment in the relationship between collaborative leadership and teacher performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 12(1), 69-75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v12i1.31497

Solihin, A., & Tarmizi, A. (2025). The influence of organizational culture, teacher and staff involvement, and leadership on performance at SMA Dwi Warna. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 5(5), 1667-1676. https://doi.org/10.58471/jms.v5i05

Sudarto, S., & Niron, M. D. (2025). Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, budaya sekolah, dan komitmen guru terhadap kinerja guru. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 8(1), 140-149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v8i1.94084

Supriyanto, S., Purnomo, E., Susilawati, D., & Sari, C. (2023). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja fisik dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru dan karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Strategik Kewirausahaan, 3(1), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.37366/master.v3i1.685

Suriyana, N., Sedarmayanti, S., & Zefriyenni, Z. (2024). Determinasi lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru dengan motivasi kerja sebagai pemediasi. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(1), 645-653. https://doi.org/10.29210/020243564

Susana, M. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan lingkungan kerja terhadap komitmen kerja serta implikasinya pada kinerja guru di Sekolah Putra Nirmala Cirebon. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 4(4), 3951-3959. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jpdk/article/view/6109

Tambun, S. I. E., Sirait, G., & Simamora, J. (2020). Analisis undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional mencakup bab iv pasal 5 mengenai hak dan kewajiban warganegara, orang tua dan pemerintah. Visi Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora (VISH), 1(1), 82-89. https://ejournal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/humaniora/article/download/27/134/4817

United Nation Children’s Fund. (2024). Ketidakhadiran guru di tanah Papua. In United National Children’s Fund. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/pendidikan/laporan/ketidakhadiran-guru-di-tanah-papua

Wahyudin, U., & Saepudin, S. (2023). The role of effective principal leadership and organizational culture in improving teacher performance at senior high school. Open Journal Systems, 17(7), 1635-1650. https://binapatria.id/index.php/MBI

Widodo, W. (2024). Developing teacher contextual performance through school organizational culture and cultural intelligence. Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v8i1.5811

Published

2026-01-05