Career Search Efficacy in Generation Z

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Apr 28, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v9i1.10856
Keywords:
career related parental support, career search efficacy, generasi Z career related parental support, career search efficacy, generation Z

Main Article Content

Ellen Theresia
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, Indonesia
Indah Puspitasari
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, Indonesia
Marissa Chitra Sulastra
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, Indonesia
Tery Setiawan
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, Indonesia, Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Abstract

Generation Z, as the youngest generation in the workplace, has greater access to technology and information, including career exploration. We assume, that family remains an important role in determining career search efficacy. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between career related parental support and career search efficacy in Generation Z. The respondents in this study are Generation Z, aged 18-27 years old (N=160). Based on confirmatory factor analysis in this study, career search efficacy is more fit to be formed by a three-factor scale, rather than a four-factor scale. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis showed, the instrumental assistance dimension of career related parental support was negatively related to career search efficacy, while emotional support was found to be positively related to career search efficacy. Our findings provided insights into the different roles of career-related parental support dimensions on career search efficacy among Generation Z.

Downloads

Article Details

How to Cite
Theresia, E., Puspitasari , I., Sulastra, M. C., & Setiawan, T. (2025). Career Search Efficacy in Generation Z. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v9i1.10856
Issue
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

Alliman-Brissett, A. E., Turner, S. L., & Skovholt, T. M. (2004). Parent support and African American adolescents' career self-efficacy. Professional School Counseling, 124-132.

Amalia, F. R., & Kurniawati, F. (2019). Self-efficacy source and career adaptability: The mediating roles of career decision self-efficacy. HUMANITAS: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 16(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v16i1.9573

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of self-control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. Betz, N. E. (1992).

Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 4(3), 359.

Betz, N. E. (1992). Counseling uses of career self-efficacy theory. Career Development Quarterly, 41, 22-27.

Betz, N. E., & Hacket, G. (1986). Applications of self-efficacy Theory to understanding Career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(4), 279-289

Betz, N. E., Klein, K.l., & Taylor, K. M. (2012). Evaluation of short from of the career decision-making self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4, 45-57. Doi: 10.1177/106907279600400103 Bozgeyikli, H., Susran, Erkan, E., Habib

Bohdziewicz, P. (2016), “Career anchors of representatives of Generation Z: some conclusions for managing the younger generation of employees”,Human Resource Management jZarzadzanie

Bratcher, W. E. (1982). The influence of the family on career selection: A family systems perspective. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 61(2).

Cutrona, C. E., & Gardner, K. A. (2004). Social Support. In A. J. Christensen, R. Martin, & J. M. Smyth (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Health Psychology (Pp. 280–284). New York: Kluwer.

Diemer, M. A. (2007). Parental and school influences upon the career development of poor youth of color. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(3), 502–524.

Dolot, A. (2018). The characteristics of Generation Z. E-Mentor, (74), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.15219/em74.1351

Dwidienawati, D., & Gandasari, D. (2018). Understanding Indonesia ’ s Generation Z. 7, 9–11.

Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Toledano, L. S., Tolentino, L. R., & Rafferty, A. E. (2012). Differential moderating effects of student- and parent-rated support in the relationship between learning goal orientation and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711417162

Ginevra, M. C., Nota, L., & Ferrari, L. (2015). Parental support in adolescents’ Career development: Parents’ and children’s perceptions. Career Development Quarterly, 63(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2015.00091.x

Goh, E. and Lee, C. (2017), “A workforce to be reckoned with: the emerging pivotal Generation Z hospitality workforce”,International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 73, pp. 20-28.

Grow, J.M. and Yang, S. (2018), “Generation Z enters the advertising workplace: expectations through a gendered lens”,Journal of Advertising Education, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 7-22

Hanley-Maxwell, C., Whitney-Thomas, J., & Pogologg, S. M. (1995).The second shock: A qualitative study of parents’ perspectives andneeds during their child’s transition from school to adult life. The Journal of Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, 20 (1),3–15

Hargrove, B. K., Creagh, M. G., & Burgess, B. L. (2002). Family interaction patterns as predictors of vocational identity and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of vocational behavior, 61(2), 185-201.

Henderson, S. J. (2000). ‘Follow your bliss’: A process for career happiness. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78, 305.

Hogansen, J., Powers, K.M., Geenen, S., Gil-Kashiwabara & Power, L.E. (200*). Transition goals and experiences of females with disabilities: Youth, parents and professionals. Council for Exceptional Children, 74 (2), 215–234

IDN Media. (2023). Indonesia Gen Z 2024.

Kumar, S. (2016). Parental Influence on Career Choice Traditionalism among College Students in Selected Cities in Ethiopia. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 3(3), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2016.03.003

Kronos Incorporated. 2019. Full Report: Generation Z in The Workplace. https://workforceinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Full-Report-Generation-Z-in-the-Workplace.pdf

Kompas.com (2024). Nyaris 10 Juta Gen Z Pengangguran, Ternyata Ini Akar Masalahnya. Kompas.com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2024/05/24/193945726/nyaris-10-juta-gen-z-pengangguran-ternyata-ini-akar-masalahnya

Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2000). Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.36

Lent, R. W., Ireland, G. W., Penn, L. T., Morris, T. R., & Sappington, R. (2017). Sources of self-efficacy and outcome expectations for career exploration and decision-making: A test of the social cognitive model of career self-management. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.01.002

Leong, F. T. (1991). Career development attributes and occupational values of Asian American and White American college students. The Career Development Quarterly, 39, 221–230.

Leung, S., Hou, Z., Gati, I., & Li, X. (2011). Effects of parental expectations and cultural-values orientation on career decision-making difficulties of Chinese University students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 11–20.

Li, C. (2020). Self-efficacy theory. Routledge Handbook of Adapted Physical Education, 313–325. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052675-24

Lim, S. A., & You, S. (2019). Long-Term Effect of Parents’ Support on Adolescents’ Career Maturity. Journal of Career Development, 46(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845317731866

Ngoc, T.N., Dung, M.V., Rowley, C & Bach M.P.(2022). Generation Z job seekers’ expectations and their job pursuit intention: Evidence from transition and emerging economy. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, Vol 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479{Bibliography}{Formatting Citation}790221112548

Nota, Laura, Lea Ferrari, V. Scott H. Solberg & Salvatore Soresi. (2007). Career Search Self-Efficacy, Family Support, and Career Indecision with Italian Youth. Journal of Career Assessment, Vol. 15 No. 2, 181–193. doi: 110.1177/1069072706298019.

Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2004). Improving the problem-solving and decision-making skills of a high indecision group of young adolescents: A test of the ‘Difficult: No problem!’ training. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 4, 3-21

Panggabean, H., Tjitra, H., & Murniati, J. (2014). Kearifan lokal, keunggulan global. Jakarta: Elex Komputindo

Papalia, Diane, & Martorell, Gabriela. (2021). Experience Human Development, 14th Edition. USA: Mc-Graw Hill.

Patton, W., & Creed, P. A. (2001). Developmental issues in career maturity and career decision status. The Career Development Quarterly, 49(4), 336–351

Powers K. Geenen S. & Powers L. E (2009). Similarities and differences in the transition expectations of youth and parents. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 32, 132–144. doi:10.1177/088572880934630

Roubinov, D. S., & Boyce, W. T. (2017). Parenting and SES: relative values or enduring principles? Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.001

Ryan, N. E., Solberg, V. S., & Brown, S. D. (1996). Family dysfunction, parental attachment, and career search self-efficacy among community college students. Journal of counseling psychology, 43(1), 84.

Sakitri, G. (2020). “ Selamat Datang Gen Z , Sang Penggerak Inovasi ! .” 1995(2018), 1–10.

Schroth, H. (2019). Are you ready for gen Z in the workplace? California Management Review, 61(3), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619841006

Solberg, V. S. (1998). Assessing Career Search Self-Efficacy: Construct Evidence and Developmental Antecedents. Journal of Career Assessment, 6(2), 181–193.

Solberg, V. S., Good, G. E., Fischer, A. R., Nord, D., & Brown, S. D. (1995). Career Decision-Making and Career Search Activities : Relative Effects of Career Search Self-Efficacy and Human Agency. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(4), 448– 455.

Solberg, V. S., Good, G. E., & Nord, D. (1994). Career Search Self-Efficacy : Ripe for Applications and Intervention Programming. Journal of Career Development, 21(1), 63–72.

Solberg, V. S., Good, G. E., Nord, D., Holm, C., Hohner, R., Zima, N., … Malen, A. (1994). Assessing Career Search Expectations: Development and Validation of the Career Search Efficacy Scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 2(2), 111–123.

Super, D. E., Savickas, M. L. and Super, C. M. (1996). “The Life-span, Life-space Approach to Careers.” Pp. 121-178 in Career Choice and Development. 3d ed., edited by D. Brown, L. Brooks, and Associates. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Turner, S. L., Alliman-Brissett, A., Lapan, R. T., Udipi, S., & Ergun, D. (2003). The career-related parent support scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 36(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2003.12069084

Wallace-Broscious, A., Serafica, F. C., & Osipow, S. H. (1994). Adolescent career development: Relationships to self-concept and identity status. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(1), 127-149.

Wang, J. L., Lesage, A., Schmitz, N., & Drapeau, A. (2008). The relationship between work stress and mental disorders in men and women: Findings from a population-based study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 62(1), 42-47.

Warr, P. (2007). Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Weyhing, R. S., Bartlett, W. S., & Howard, G. S. (1984). Career indecision and identity development. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3(1), 74-78.

Widodo. (2020). Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Orang Tua: Pasca Pemberlakuan PERMENDIKBUD Nomor 9 Tahun 2020.

Whiston, S. C., & Keller, B. K. (2004). The Influences of the Family of Origin on Career Development: A Review and Analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 32(4), 493–568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000004265660

Zhang, J., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2015). Career-related parental support for vocational school students in China. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 37, 346-354. DOI 10.1007/s10447-015-9248-1

Zhang, J., Chen, G., & Yuen, M. (2019). Validation of the Career-Related Parental Support Scale (Chinese Version). The Counseling Psychologist, 47(3), 417-443. DOI: 10.1177/0011000019873235.