Forgiveness and Social Support as Protective Factors against Suicidal Ideation among Adolescent Victims of Bullying

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Published: Aug 29, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v10i2.14929
Keywords:
suicidal ideation, , forgiveness, Perceived social support, adolescents, bullying victims ide bunuh diri, pemaafan, dukungan sosial, remaja

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Farras Ghina Apsela
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Tangerang, Indonesia
Zulfa Indira Wahyuni
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the role of forgiveness and social support in suicidal ideation among adolescents who experienced bullying in Jakarta. Forgiveness was examined across three dimensions: forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of situations. Social support encompassed support from parents, teachers, close friends, and classmates. The study employed a quantitative approach using convenience sampling, involving 207 adolescent victims of bullying. The instruments used were adapted versions of the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), and the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS). Construct validity was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), while multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the contribution of independent variables to suicidal ideation. The findings revealed that forgiveness and social support simultaneously contributed significantly to suicidal ideation, accounting for 29.6% of the variance. Partially, two dimensions of forgiveness—namely forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations—were found to have significant effects on suicidal ideation. These results suggest that the ability to forgive and the presence of social support function as protective factors for adolescent victims of bullying. Future research is recommended to include additional variables such as resilience, depression, and family functioning, as well as to examine bullying as a distinct construct. Practically, these findings highlight the importance of collaboration among teachers, schools, parents, and adolescents in fostering open communication and a supportive environment to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among bullied adolescents.

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How to Cite
Apsela, F. G. ., & Wahyuni, Z. I. . (2026). Forgiveness and Social Support as Protective Factors against Suicidal Ideation among Adolescent Victims of Bullying. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 10(2), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v10i2.14929
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Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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