Initial Development and Validation of the Student Engagement Scale | Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi)

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Published: Aug 29, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v10i2.15257

Keywords:

student engagement scale, confirmatory factor analysis, scale validation, psychometric properties student engagement scale, analisis faktor konfirmatori, validasi skala, properti psikometri

Chandra Yudistira Purnama

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia

Inggrit Rochmat Ayu Renjani

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia

Luthfiyah Rizki Fadhilah

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia

Nafisa Yunita Amalia

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia

Raisa Nur Fajri Maulida

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia

Detri Sefianmi

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia

Abstract

Student engagement is crucial for academic success, yet its measurement in Indonesia often overlooks proactive or agentic engagement. This study aims to validate the Student Engagement Scale (SES) using a four-dimensional framework (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic) within the context of university students. Employing a quantitative approach, data were evaluated from 418 university students recruited through convenience sampling. Psychometric testing included content validity, response processes, internal structure (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), and reliability testing. The results indicated that the 40 final items possessed ideal convergent validity (SLF ≥ 0.50; AVE > 0.50). The four-dimensional measurement model proved to be highly consistent with the empirical data (Chi-square = 0.202; RMSEA = 0.010; CFI = 0.957; TLI = 0.954; SRMR = 0.036) and highly reliable (ω = 0.8354; α = 0.8399). The limitations of this study include the restriction of sampling to a single institution, the collection of evidence based on response processes being limited to readability testing, and the absence of external criterion validity testing. Overall, the Indonesian version of the SES is a valid and reliable instrument. Future studies are recommended to apply probability sampling across multiple universities and to test the predictive validity of the instrument against external indicators.

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Purnama, C. Y., Renjani, I. R. A. ., Fadhilah, L. R. ., Amalia, N. Y. ., Maulida, R. N. F. ., & Sefianmi, D. . (2026). Initial Development and Validation of the Student Engagement Scale. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 10(2), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v10i2.15257

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Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)

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Articles

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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