Penerapan Teknik Intervensi Gabungan Discrete Trial Training dan Pivotal Response Training untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Joint Attention pada Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Diterbitkan: Aug 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v9i2.10265
Kata Kunci:
Autism Spectrum Disorder, joint attention, discrete trial training, pivotal response training Autism Spectrum Disorder, joint attention, discrete trial training, pivotal response training

Isi Artikel Utama

Fitriany Juhari
Departemen Psikologi Perkembangan, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Rini Hildayani
Departemen Psikologi Perkembangan, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Eko Handayani
Departemen Psikologi Perkembangan, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Abstrak

Joint attention (JA) merupakan salah satu defisit pada anak dengan autism spectrum disorder (ASD), padahal, para peneliti telah menemukan bahwa keterampilan JA memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan anak. JA berhubungan dengan perkembangan bahasa dan interaksi sosial anak, baik anak normal maupun anak ASD. Oleh karena itu, para ahli menyarankan agar joint attention menjadi salah satu target utama dalam penerapan intervensi untuk anak autism. Pada penelitian ini, JA dilatihkan pada anak ASD melalui teknik intervensi gabungan discrete trial training (DTT) dan pivotal response training (PRT) yang merupakan bagian dari pendekatan behavioristik. Pada intervensi ini, dua jenis JA, yaitu response to joint attention (RJA) dan melakukan initiation to joint attention dilatihkan pada anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik intervensi gabungan DTT  dan PRT dapat meningkatkan keterampilan JA, baik RJA maupun IJA, pada anak ASD. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi berbasis behavioristik yang dikombinasikan secara tepat dapat memberikan hasil positif dalam meningkatkan fungsi perkembangan inti pada anak dengan ASD, sekaligus menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dan intervensi dini serta pengembangan program terapi individual yang menargetkan keterampilan sosial kunci seperti joint attention. Berdasarkan hasil positif ini, maka pendekatan gabungan DTT dan PRT secara konsisten dapat dipertimbangkan terutama dalam meningkatkan kemampuan inti anak dengan ASD.

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Juhari, F., Hildayani, R., & Handayani, E. (2025). Penerapan Teknik Intervensi Gabungan Discrete Trial Training dan Pivotal Response Training untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Joint Attention pada Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 9(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v9i2.10265
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