A Semiotic Analysis of Social Critique on Technology in Visual Narrative of Akira (1988)

Abstract

This study analyzes the form of social criticism on technological advancement in Katsuhiro Ōtomo’s film Akira (1988) using Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework. The film reflects anxiety toward unchecked scientific and technological progress through complex visual symbolism and character dialogue. The analysis applies Barthes’ three layers of meaning—denotation, connotation, and cultural myth—to key elements such as the opening explosion, Akira’s preserved body, Tetsuo’s bodily transformation, and dialogues between characters such as Kei, Dr. Onishi, and Colonel Shikishima. The findings reveal that Akira critiques nuclear deterrence logic, the dangers of psionic experimentation, and contemporary concerns regarding emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and brain-computer interfaces (BCI). As such, the film functions not merely as a science fiction narrative but as a cautionary tale that remains highly relevant today. This research affirms that animation can serve as a powerful and reflective medium for social critique.